Sleep in America Poll Sleep In The Modern Family

Question: Discuss and critique their methodology, results, and discussion. For example, was an appropriate sampling method used to support their results? Was a confidence interval provided? What does the confidence interval mean? How confident do you feel with their results based on their methodology? Answer: The article deals with National Sleep Foundation that commissioned the surveys on the child aged from 6- 17 years of the different sleep practices and beliefs in the modern family. Methodology The sampling has been used for 1103 adults who are parents, and the field work was conducted between December 12-23, 2013by the GFK Group. Though, the required sampling is done on the US households as an independent approach instead of independent approach with different samples with changes in the ages of the children (National Sleep Foundation, 2014). The sample was drawn from GFK probability based knowledge panel representative of US population and estimated to cover 97% of households while using Address-Based Sampling, which is based on the U.S. Postal Services Delivery Sequence File. The GFK panel recruits were provided with laptop and internet connection at no cost. The languages that it covered were only English and Spanish versions with median completion of 11 minutes. Samples are drawn from active members using a probability proportional to size (PPS) weighted sampling approach. The stratified random sampling which is customized based on profile data is also conducted, as required by specific studies. Moreover, the scientific underpinnings provides sampling platform for a wide range of political, economic, health, social studies and for program evaluations (GFK Knowledge Panel, 2013). However, the sampling drawn from the postal service cannot provide exact figures because of following reasons. Firstly, the address based sampling only constituted of above the poverty line families and is a traditional way of computing statistical data (Dohrmann, Kalton, Montaquila, Good, Berlin, 2012). Secondly, in the GFK panel, sample had numerous resources of survey inaccuracies that are an inherent part, such as non-coverage and non-response due to panel employment techniques and to inevitable panel attrition. Lastly, weights are assigned to the sample for any biases that though provides efficiency but gives misleading results. (GFK Knowledge Panel, 2013). On the other hand, the best-suited approach would be longitudinal approach than cross-sectional approach applied that does not qualify for other factors like behaviors', environment, schedules, routines and external factors. Nonetheless, the sampling constituted at least 1 child in US household in a representative sample. As a result, the outcomes are generalized and clustered to a level of the household. However, the sample should have been from different income level households in US (Akee, Simeonova, Costello Copeland, 2015). The sample includes only quantitative data. However, a combination of the qualitative and quantitative approach known by mixed approach would have been best suited for the sample (Maxwell, 2012). Moreover, the quantitative data provided is incomplete as it excludes the in-depth analysis of the model based on qualitative approach factors like school work, social pressure, and timing of sleep for teens and children and challenges faced by the family (Buxton, Chang, Spilsbury, Bos, Emsellem Knutson, 2015). Conversely, a significant difference is seen in the sleep patterns of adolescent and children (Dewald, Meijer, Oort, Kerkhof Bgels, 2010). When analyzed on the study by National Sleep Foundation, there are four basic criterias that are examined to study the efficiency of the sample. Criteria measure the cost effectiveness of the model and technical knowhow that establishes close proposed policy alternative. Nevertheless, starting with Reliability and Validity Criteria is based on the uniformity of results and appropriate unity of analysis. However, as analyzed in the study, the reliability and validity is proved sufficient for the study but lacks generalization perspective (LeBreton, Scherer James, 2014). Secondly, the Economic Criterion affects the economy. As studied in the sample, the economic criterion is met because GFK Knowledge Panel provided laptop and internet connection to the panel recruits at no cost. Thirdly, the study met the Equity Criteria on the groups made on address (residence) sampling but did not include the population subdivisions of income groups to measure the researchs effectiveness. Lastly, th e Political and Administrative Criteria was even met as the study not only provided legal responsiveness based on US postal service but also gave the authority and capacity to implement the proposed study regarding skills, staff, training and expertise (Patton, Sawicki Clark, 2015). However, there is a common perception of sample size and population is that the sample represents the population rather sample is a function of size of the population. The given precision cannot be achieved with a larger sample size that institutes entire US population but a sample that gives a large relative to population would be beneficial such that the needed sample size reduces and provides an analytic survey of the super population (Fowler Jr, 2013). Results and Discussions The results and discussions were based on the responses on total sleep time by age group. Conversely, the results could not be applied to identify the dependent and independent variables in the sample. In a way, total sleep time could be dependent variable and age; sleep habits could be based on internal factors like electronics, sleep schedules and sleep difficulties, sleep-related rules, etc. of independent variables (Mindell, Li, Sadeh, Kwon Goh, 2015). However, the multiple regression analysis has not been considered that's the reason no confidence interval is computed because regression product includes confidence interval. Confidence interval is the "interval estimate" of population sample (Natrella, 2013) The results can be overestimated because of the bias of the parents (Short, Gradisar, Lack, Wright Chatburn, 2013). Though, the results were sufficient for polling, but psychometric validation was neglected (Simon, Duncan Mentrikoski, 2014). Thus, the results are efficient but not enough for the study to be generalized to all as a combination of clustered sampling is considered than dividing the research on income level for US households. Moreover, the study is incomplete without qualitative approach. In addition, the criterias to study the sample are valid but are not met on the sufficiency principle and follows the misconception of population as well as sample. In addition, the regression analysis is not considered to get statistical results representing the knowledge of sleep variables on internal and external factors. References 2014 Sleep in America Poll Sleep In The Modern Family. (2014).Sleep Foundation. Retrieved 30 March 2016, from https://sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2014-NSF-Sleep-in-America-poll-summary-of-findings---FINAL-Updated-3-26-14-.pdf Akee, R., Simeonova, E., Costello, E. J., Copeland, W. (2015).How Does Household Income Affect Child Personality Traits and Behaviors?(No. w21562). National Bureau of Economic Research. Buxton, O. M., Chang, A. M., Spilsbury, J. C., Bos, T., Emsellem, H., Knutson, K. L. (2015). 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