My Antonia Effects of Landscape Essay Example

My Antonia Effects of Landscape Essay Nebraska prairie Is a vehicle for opportunity and opposition. Jim Burden and Antonio Chimeras lives are direct descendants of this dualism that Inhabits the parallel, and decisively creates the adolescently between the two friends. Although only a few miles separated Jim from Antonio, the landscape of the united States made the two strangers. The Nebraska prairie may have been the only medium in which Jim would have ever met Antonio. Jims character represents all that Notations lacks. Their similarity is that both are traveling through foreign lands to start a new life. The deference is that Jims ticket Is paid for. From the beginning of the novel Will Catcher sets up a clear adolescently between the statuses of Jim and Antonio. Antonio Is an Immigrant and speaks an inadequate amount of English. This isolates her and her family from the new life theyre trying to establish. Jim is a citizen and is moving out to a land that has been established by his grandparents. The Chimeras have been uprooted from their homeland to start a new existence from scratch. Jim came from a productive farm in Virginia, while the Shimmered came from an unyielding life In We will write a custom essay sample on My Antonia Effects of Landscape specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Antonia Effects of Landscape specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Antonia Effects of Landscape specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Bohemia. T. T. 2 The expansive plains of Nebraska was instrumental In bringing together these polar classes in that it deposited the two families side by side. Land in My Antonio, is associated with power. On the train to Black Hawk, the conductor makes reference to a family from over the water traveling to the same destination as Jim. His companion, Jake, said you were likely to get diseases from foreigners (10). This reference directly implies that the Shimmered are Indecent, and not of the same caste as Jim; an American citizen. The phrase, over the water Is another way of saying, not from our soil or not an American. This pillories natives from foreigners, and puts a stigma on immigrants as being irregular. The Burdens have been instituted in the united States for many generations. The fact that Jims grandparents speak perfect English represents their establishment in the United States. In turn, the Burdens had secured a life on the farm In Black Hawk for many years. For the Burdens, land has become a metaphor for wealth. They broke the untamed Nebraska prairie long before Jim came to live with them. Their partnership tit work and the land has yielded them a secure livelihood. This establishment has made the Burdens successful. The Nebraska prairie has afforded them a wooden home among a sod community. Their comforts include proper tools, a productive garden, and a variety of provisions. They are able to furnish hired hands which makes the farm more efficient and fruitful. The Burdens abundance Is T. T. 3 evidence of teller progress In refining the land. The Shimmered raw existence in the beginning of the novel is symbolic of the disadvantages a first generation family had to endure. Nebraska) was not a country at all, but the material out of which countries are made (17). Mr.. Shimmered became part of this material as the wide open prairie swallowed his life savings and his very existence. Nebraska was a regression from the life the Shimmered held in Eastern Europe. Since teen move to Anoraks In ten late summer teen were delayed in breaking any ground or securing a decent dwelling. The family had been swindled as they had to put their faith into the hands of a stranger, who gave them shoddy real estate. This meant that they would have little sustenance over the long inter. The Chimeras entered a habitat in which they were entirely on their own. The barren landscape of Nebraska was not prejudice in dictating who would endure. By contrast, the land for Jim was a metaphor for opportunity. Since he had entered into a world of prosperity, Jim was able to cultivate his mind. Jim did not contribute to the operation of the farm. His role in life was very clear in that he was to be the further product of his grandparents labor. Jim was the produce of the Nebraska farmland that the Burdens had worked so hard to establish. His toil would e in the classroom to capitalize on what had been handed to him. The act of getting an education is also the method of enhancing ones T. T 4 social standing. Throughout history, manual labor has been in association with the lower class. Living in the country was symbolic of being a part of the lower class because it involved fieldwork and farming; the most toilsome professions. In this case, the Burdens act of moving into town was symbolic of advancing up the class ladder because they physically removed themselves from the field. In this regard, land was a means of establishing a hierarchy. With this shift from pastoral to urban the differences between Jim and Antonio become magnified. Even though, in the country Jims status was clearly distinguished amidst Notations; the move from the country to Black Hawk was the move from raw to refinement. Jims move to the city was an enhancement in his life. He would go too better school and begin preparing himself for a college education. Antonio would work long hours breaking sod and building a better farm, trying to improve the yield from last years harvest. Jim works indoors with a pencil while Antonio works outdoors with a plow. The Burdens retire and the Shimmered begin. Notations act of moving into town illustrates her awareness between the distinctions of living in the country and living in the city. Although, Antonio has begun to see a change in her life for the better; she goes to town to enjoy a laid back existence of working indoors, making friends, and having her fling at the dances (143). Antonio takes this time T. T. 5 seriously because she knows it will be a rare moment in her life that she wont have to struggle. In the same respect, Antonio doesnt take this time seriously because she knows it isnt authentic. It is only temporary because she hasnt paid her dues. Notations life is in strong contrast to Jims, but when Antonio moves to Black Hawk Jim begins to finally understand their differences. Jims role has been rather feminizes as he doesnt work a day of manual labor in his life. Jim has been sheltered by privileges and his families assets. Nations role is emasculated as her skin is tan and she has muscles. She takes on a stereotypical male personification because she has been a provider and bread winner for her family. While the two lived in the country, Jim was naive concerning the roles he and his neighbor Antonio ere developing. Antonio was to be a pioneer and he himself was to be an accomplished student. Antonio sees Jims Tie as moldable, out seen does not see Jim as worthy AT admiration. This is because Antonio romanticizes hard work. She is not ashamed of her robust role because she sees farming as wholesome and honest. Antonio has had an intimate relationship with working the land and, in turn, the land has given back to Antonio the foundation of a better life. Notations world revolves around work and she does not see Jims academic life as one with toil. This is the primary reason he does not find Jim as an eligible suitor. T. T. 6 In the end, Jims opportune life carried him far away from Antonio. Like the prairie converted into farmland, Jim was refined from country school to an alumni of Harvard Law School. Notations relationship with the land is symbolized by her large family as she embodies the fertile earth. Jims act of visiting Antonio at her farm outside of Black Hawk reinstates the power of the Nebraska prairie. It illustrates two distinctly different crops of the same land that have both flourished from the Nebraska soil.

shakespeare1 essays

shakespeare1 essays How little is the cost I have bestowed in purchasing the semblance of my soul,(3.5.19-20) is where the heart of this play is in my eyes. Portia doing what she can for her one true love, Bassanio. Money is of no importance to her especially when it comes to the happiness or unhappiness of Bassanio. There are many places in the Merchant of Venice that show Portia and Bassanios indifference, and what seems to be apathy toward wealth. Many are hidden and many are as clear as day to the reader. I found that reading into The Merchant of Venice was a fun and interesting experience. The way Shakespeare wrote his plays makes people really think about what they are reading; it reminded me of a maze. Portia, an unspoiled Princess to riches, a Princess that doesnt need to think or worry about money. It is something she has an unimaginable amount of, yet it doesnt change who she is or what her values are. Her father seemed to instill in her that money isnt everything to everybody; how you care ab out people and values are what matter the most in life. When we first see Bassanio, he is telling Antonio of a secret trip he plans to take to win the heart of Portia; yet he has no means to get there due to his extravagant living which has left him in debt to others. At first money seems to be of some importance to Bassanio, but towards the middle of the play his thoughts seem to change. Although Portias father does not have a so-called character in The Merchant of Venice; his presence is definitely felt through Portias character, as well as the scrolls on the caskets. In doing this, Portias father in a way still had a hand helping to choose the right husband for his daughter. When each of the princes come to woo Portia and go into the casket room, they look for what would be the most creative answer in picking out the casket. The gold casket scroll reads Who chooseth me shall gain what many men...

Disscusion board (criminology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disscusion board (criminology) - Essay Example The doctor should have checked the man’s workplace conditions, his habits and other proclivities. A more detailed and in-depth examination would have revealed the cause. The doctor’s perfunctory approach resulted in the man ultimately suffering heart attack. There are cases where even after all standard examinations patients have had heart problems. The blood can clot without notice, block blood circulation in the heart and trigger heart attacks (Sardi, Bill). Heuristics is the â€Å"rule-of-the-thumb† analysis. Other than the standard examination, doctors apply their minds to other causes responsible for ailments like heart attacks. It is possible to apply heuristics in criminology as well. The study of criminology is not limited to law enforcement agencies alone. The medical line must also go into the social and mental causes of the crime (Zalman, Marvin; 1981) In this case, although the patient had fever and was experiencing discomfort, the doctor could not find the cause for the fever. The next day the patient suffered severe infection on the side of the body the doctor did not examine. Maybe the doctor was tired and called it a day. Even then, in medical parlance, this is medical malpractice. The doctor could be legally taken to task for this lapse (Doctor Negligence, 2010) Doctors as well as criminologists need to be open to all options. There may be situations when nagging doubts and lack of evidence evade solution. A doctor who is too tired to attend to patients must have fresh replacement to attend to the patient. In most cases, a criminologist gets enough evidence or witnesses to make his case. In difficult and/or complex cases, a criminologist can only wait for the courts to decide the

Issues on Graduating With Student Loan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues on Graduating With Student Loan - Essay Example The critical issue therefore is: Is it worth graduating from the university with educational expenses funded by student loan? In an article written by Andrew Martin (2012) entitled â€Å"Slowly, as Student Debt Rises, Colleges Confront Costs† published online in The New York Times, it was revealed that the president of Ohio University, E. Gordon Gee, was cited to state that â€Å"public colleges and universities need to devise a new business model to pay for the costs of education, beyond sticking students with higher tuition and greater debt† (Martin par. 3). As disclosed, the amounts of student loans have reached a staggering $1 trillion and, in conjunction with economic and financial difficulties, the numbers of borrowers struggling to pay off these debts are just manifesting a parallel rise. Accordingly, â€Å"for the 2009 to 2010 academic year, annual prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board were estimated to be $12,804 at public institutions and $32,184 at private institutions. Between 1999–2000 and 2009–10, prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board at public institutions rose 37 percent, and prices at private institutions rose 25 percent, after adjustment for inflation† (Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics 1). ... Average debt per bachelor’s degree recipient increased from $10,600 to $12,400† (American Student Assistance par. 4). One strongly agrees with Mr. Gee’s contention that another alternative course of action must be recommended to solve the student debt problem. From his professional perspective, Gee implements a planned apportionment of $1 billion, classified as inefficiently spent funds for potential redirection towards priorities from the Ohio University’s $5 billion budget over the next five years. Likewise, he focused on revenue generation activities that include privatization of the campus’ parking and pressing donors for additional funds (Martin). Concurrently, college presidents all over the country are â€Å"looking for other ways to pay for education, stepping up private fund-raising, privatizing services, cutting staff, eliminating departments — even saving millions of dollars by standardizing things like expense forms† (Martin par. 6). Other proposals to solve the student loan crisis were highlighted by Sandra Block and Christine Dugas (2012), whose report entitled â€Å"Five proposals to solve student loan crisis†, included options such as recommending a bankruptcy reform; implement student loan forgiveness; increase Pell grants; linking federal educational aids to affordability; and by educating the borrowers. From among those noted, one believes that educating the borrowers would address the root cause of the dilemma but would not immediately address and assist in solving the repayment of the current student loan crisis. Is it worth graduating from the university with educational expenses funded by student loan? Looking at the dilemma from the students’ points of views, the most plausible solution

Coronary Artery Disease - Pathophysiology and Management Research Paper

Coronary Artery Disease - Pathophysiology and Management - Research Paper Example Plague is a component of fat, cholesterol and other substances of the blood. Plague is slowly built up over several years forming a condition known as atherosclerosis (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). After a long period of building up, plague hardens and narrows coronary artery leading to limits of flow of oxygenated blood to the heart. As the plague hardens, it eventually ruptures, causing a blood clot, a situation that can lead to blockage of blood flow through the coronary artery. If the flow of oxygenated blood is reduced or blocked, a heart attack occurs (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). The beginning of symptomatic CAD is normally about ten years in men, but CAD cases in women are more prevalent especially to women who have reached menopause. However, it is believed that CAD cases tend to cumulate in families (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). Studies have indicated that history of CAD risks in families with CAD cases is common. Although some people can argue that CAD is a hereditary disease, some factors like other health complications such as hypertension, high blood pressure and obesity facilitates risks of CAD. All these are widely associated with living styles. There are precautions that physicians give to patients suffering from CAD. Unfortunately, many people suffering from CAD fail to take these precautions seriously (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). For example, the habit of smoking has become so rampant with over twenty five percent of people with over eighteen years smoking cigarette. Smoking is said to multiply the effects of other CAD factors. It is estimated to cause twenty percent of CAD deaths. The theory of aetherorosclerosis states that the process symbolizes an effort to heal in response to endothelial injury (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). During this process, the first step involves development of fatty streaks. These streaks tend to form between endothelium and internal elastic lamina. In the recent past, inflammation is becoming a component of atheroscler osis genesis and plague instability. Patients with CAD are at danger of risk factors known as metabolic syndrome (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). CAD is known for its persistent burden to many people all over the world. However, its risks can be managed if efficacy of lipid- lowering models is followed. The first lipid- lowering therapy focuses on therapeutic lifestyle changes (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). This includes dietary changes, constant physical activities, avoiding risky practices like smoking and alcohol drinking, and undertaking recommended wait lose. However, there are pharmacologic agents that help adjust lipid levels although, therapeutic lifestyle is preferred to them (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). Patients with CAD are carefully examined. The examination includes description of the pain, its location and severity (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). Diagnosis of CAD involves detailed patients history and electrocardiogram. After the initial diagnosis, laboratory tests follow. Angi na is the commonest symptom although some patients remain asymptomatic. Some of the notable symptoms include chest pain, sweating, and yellowish tumors at either lower or upper lids. One of the major causes of CAD is stress (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). In this regard, nursing care plan involves helping the patient to realize the cause of the disease and how best they can refrain from it. Since stress is prevalence to most CAD patients, one of

Process Essay Sample Will Give You a Clue How to Make Your Work an Excellent One

Process Essay Sample Will Give You a Clue How to Make Your Work an Excellent One Process Essay Sample Will Give You a Clue How to Make Your Work an Excellent One Try to Use Our Tips in Writing Your Academic Essay Process essays are academic essay type that should clarify the sequence of actions that should be done to complete definite task. Such kind of essay involves the absolute understanding in the subject to be talked about. You would never effectively explain the issues that you are not acquainted with. Essay needs a skill, especially when you want to make a procedure or process essay writing. So, when you need to advance your work, process essay sample may well be brought into play. Actually, preparing an essay can be an engaging duty. It lets you try to express your point of view and attitude to the problem. Moreover, it may let a writer demonstrate his writing talent, or express his position. Argumentative essay gives the author a chance to speak their arguments; writing is a good method to state your position. It may be curing and inspirational. And on the contrary, writing may also be an instructive dilemma that makes the students feel weighed down and helpless. In this case, the essay examples that are presented by essay websites might truly be considered useful in helping the learners to improve their writing skills. In contrast, not all of essays samples may be supposed as first rate-some have awful qualities and are not actually helpful at all. Thats why, it is essential for the learners to see the difference and to develop to be more critical as well. In the same way, knowledge of supreme essays will really expand ones skill. When you continually read exceptional written works, you will surely be acquainted with the notion of a true quality. Process essay sample can be said to be high-quality when: It gives full instruction. That is to say when the writer fails to plainly sort the basic steps to complete the task, the written work possibly will not be considered as fine. It has precautions to stay away from accidents. Most essays aim to complete some plan, sketch, research that can effect in a trouble when chaotically done. It has re-establishment or clarification ideas. There are actions that cannot possibly be prevented. In such case, it may assist offering some other solutions. A process essay that has statements may truthfully be considered as useful. It has exact dimensions, when necessary. It can really help to obtain exact results. Finally it becomes essential in tests and methods. If you will be preparing a training essay, aim to be more exact, see whether it is a centimeter or meter, foot or miles. Dont waver to call for a process essay examples here. We always guarantee different types of academic essays and essay format, working to provide you with the best grades. So order essay here and have it soon with the best quality. Planning a Research Paper In Accordance With a Correct Research Methodology Format Writing a Good Academic Essay Requires a Profound Knowledge of Writing Format, Offered Further. Preparing research paper is one of the most complex sides of writing academic essay on the whole as it requires some tough work, a careful thoroughly research work on the selected topic, attention and enthusiasm. All these features together with a right essay format model come together to shape a high-quality research work. A thesis paper usually takes in a paper cover page, a summary, foreword to research paper, a body itself and an ending. Research methodology format is a central and vital part of any work of this type. It is the part that manages the arrangement of all the techniques implemented to collect information and how the concrete study has been accomplished by the author. So it is necessary that one is aware of the research methodology format properly so as to make an ideal research paper. Research methodology format comprises parts that contain design examples, data compilation, system of information gathering and lastly the study of the data composed and the right explanation of the analyzed information Design examples is the procedure used for classifying the samples accessible and may be either prospect sampling or non prospect sampling. There are a range of ways to do it and depends on the authors preference or what the theme requires. After that there will be the gathering of information and the techniques used to get together it. Information can be collected by means of direct examination or experimentation and besides using survey. Direct examination or experimentation gives information that is available and may be applied to confirm some issues or hypotheses in the work. Review may be accomplished by presenting discussions, providing opinion polls and even by the use of examination. After gathering all the needed information within the restrictions of a given time the investigator will be required to sit down and consider all the data and information composed and properly understand them. The study of facts can be completed by a range of ways like explanatory data, ANOVA or analysis of variations. The whole process after that should be written in the accurate chain and in a reasonable manner and offered to the audience so that the person who will read it could get the whole image of what the investigator has made to obtain the desired outcome and come to definite conclusions. Consequently preparing a research paper going after the right research methodology format is not a simple mission and some external assist is often needed and better if accepted. Sure you can search in a range of essay topics and writing samples to find a suggestion how research papers are made. On the other hand, if you still are stuck and not sure how to prepare some kind of academic essays, then rather than worrying about it you can just order essay here and not to be concerned with it. Use Our Sample of Reference to Be Sure to Write an Excellent Academic Work Writing a Good Research Paper Demands a Perfect Knowledge of Such Nuances as Sample of Reference Preparing Sample of reference and correct citing is a very important part of writing an essay or any other kind of research paper writing. Actually every type of academic writing requires that the author is responsive to and is familiar with the proper essay format and the related model of referencing. Any high-quality research paper will engage thoroughly study and analysis on the selected topic. A careful research work will provide facts and some of straight quotations from any additional analogous works to sustain his own manner of argumenting and show his position on the declared notion statement. Lack of such facts will only demonstrate that the theme has not been studied in a proper way. Consequently it becomes crucial for the author to gather as much related information as possible and offer direct quotations when needed. Direct quotations make it obligatory to provide references at the last sheet of the work to stay away from accuses of copying. There are definite set and typical model s to give quotations that differ from the paper format. Therefore it is not simple to study the system and rules of the different forms of formatting all at once. One should study it in the course of time-consuming practice. Another excellent method to do it is to experience different model of references that are presented in books or on the internet. Looking through such examples can train the learners the basics of quotating and how to get on with it. Glancing through essay samples and prompts make stronger the core of writing and therefore it is kind of support for the learner to improve his scores, as while studying them the student gets more practice and grows to be well prepared in the different features of essay referencing and how to make it right. As quotations and references are rather a principal part of writing an academic essay consequently it is desirable that the author makes as many samples as he can to evade any errors. Quoting a work is one of the most significant things in preparing an essay. Having no correct sample of reference your work is not only unfinished but will surely bear facts of copying which is a rather serious offence. Consequently you should be very cautious about quotation references. Thats why it would be desirable to look though a number of samples of reference to learn and ensure how quotations are written. We always have different types of custom essay and they all are of high quality. Besides you can check them out at your own leisure. If you are still not certain enough, then you can buy essay or order a work on any of diverse research paper topics we offer. Choosing Suitable and Successful Sociology Paper Topics -Find Out How to Select Right Topic for Your Paper on Sociology Sociology is defined by some people as the learning of persons social behavior, particularly the study of the beginning, culture, society, and growth of human society or it can also be identified as an investigation of a societal part as a self-contained body. So, sociology is a gigantic and a very exciting subject and choosing right sociology paper topics is a very important moment in your academic life. When you are searching the topics, make a careful study and a deep investigation and make use of research ideas if you are looking for suitable topics. The themes that you select should be a theme of significance and people must be filled with interest when they look into the subject that they have chosen for the paper or any other type of writing. Consequently the sociology paper topics that you will select should be dissimilar and interesting to read for the audience. Sociology is a big theme which is very attractive to research upon and write about. The human being has all the time been key topic to the subject for sociology because it is about the social order and the group of different people in the diversity of social life. In addition sociologists are continually concerned with the dilemma of the ending of the biological life and the start of other social form in the shape of person personality. It is usually agreed that the current particular interest in the sociology of the human has developed owing to some major causes: Up-to-dateness and a human. The society and a human. It shows what sociology is about as a subject. There are some attractive sociology papers themes on sociology: The Theory of Culture. The Theory of Exchange. The Theory of Feminists. The Theory of a Conflict. The Basics of Marxism. The Structural Functionalism. The Interactions of the Symbols. The Theory of a System. The Methodology of Ethnology. It is some of the theories that are made use of in sociology. They are usually applied for diverse aims in the issue. Some of them can be easily done in the shape of discussion essay as these hypotheses are unfamiliar to many people. You can make a variety of appealing sociology paper themes from these points. Your paper may also include what the topic is all about, what is meant under the matter, the investigation relating to the theme etc can also be useful for your research papers. If you need some more sociology paper topics ideas, then you can research on the topic to get some additional information and more exciting themes for the sociology. And in case you are in a doubt for some reasons, you can always order any kind of custom essay here! We can always offer you interesting research ideas, diverse types of essay formats and so on. Preparing the Ground for Writing a Technology Essay Keeping in Mind Some of Our Useful Advice Youll Be Able to Prepare an Outstanding Technology Essay The technology essay repeats mostly the arrangement and the main rules of an average essay with some things of its own. Lets learn the process of preparing the technology essay in a real case. Well propose your topic is something like Impact of Technology on Todays Society . The aim of your work is to explain and talk about complex relations among technology and society. You should make clear how some exacting technology problems have an influence on people. You can illustrate freely the impact on any area of recent time that your technology has influenced mainly. As no other research paper technology essay needs accuracy, clarity and uniformity in presenting the thoughts. For your theme you must choose the technology that truly interests you. However you dont have to select something too novel or complex. Gather some related data (using as a minimum 4 resources). Keep in mind, that you always can make use of internet and libraries. At this moment in time you may perhaps wish to curtail your theme, if you have collected too much relevant information. And on the contrary if you have too little appropriate facts on the elected area of study, make your theme more universal. The major necessity to the informational sources is their trustworthiness. Take in your work only newest facts that contain true data up to this day. Dont trust in out-of-date writing. Essay involves not only making the text, but helpful and considerate reading too. As you are looking through the resources you have composed, take out the most significant information for your work. And finally there comes writing as it is. Make the first sketch of your work, taking into account the subsequent information: The foreword should comprise a well-built theory, which you will expand in the course of your work. Present some proof for each statement that you formulate. Submit an application of specific technology language properly. By no means fail to quote the resources you applied in your work. The ending repeats the main points of your work. It should enclose a influential phrase, reflecting the key thought of the whole work. Your first sketch requires review and editing. You can offer your work to someone else who is familiar in the theme of your work. Their commentary will aid you to formulate your work in more rational, balanced and grammatically right way. Bearing in mind these simple advice youll surely be competent enough to compose a nice technology essay on any given topic. Still, if you want to be sure in the excellent result of your work you can simply buy essay here choosing any types of essays on a number of interesting research ideas. The Master Essay Writing Can Be an Enjoyable Experience Read Our Tips of Preparing a Master Essay and Get Ready to Accomplish This Task Very Well Making for a Master level is a specific doings. It is non-natural in that sense that it is modified to a very particular aim, like lawful drafting or even poems. Its only other environment is in the sheets of educational journals. The majority of the grand works of writing, history, beliefs, and most authorized reports would not probably exceed in Master essay writing. The Master Essay usually takes about 5-10 pages. This work will not be topic to an oral protection or an examination, but will be read by any associate of the Department as well as by the essay controller. Its arrangement should keep to the guidelines given by your study institution. Usually towards the end of the Winter Term the learner should present a proposal for his Master Essay. This application must be no more than 2 pages in length, representing the theme or dilemma to be coped with and the approach to resolve it. An example bibliography is to be given as well. The application should have the agreement of your essay controller till it is approved to the graduate planner. Some extra reader will be determined together by the controller and graduate planner. With the intention of giving the needed time to the Master Essay learners are sturdily advised not to bring unfinished assignments from the Autumn or Winter Terms of study. The Master Essay should be an investigation work shoeing proper proficiency in the submission of hypothetical and practical approaches. The Master Essay can be developed from one of the earlier essay from one of the learners classes. It can be made on the basis of main study, or it can be an interpretive work based on less important resources. Anyway, high-quality analysis and text are wanted. The learner, controller, graduate planner, and additional person who will read your essay will enlarge a plan for the completion of such work, choosing a time for its final defense. With the aim of completing the essay within a year, as it is required, the 8th of August is the final date to do the work, once studied and accepted by the controller, in the hands of the extra person who reads. This person will state about the work within 14 days of getting it. This information will succeed, not pass, or advise slight alterations to the essay. 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Richard Wagner :: Biography, Composer

(1813-1883)  German composer. His childhood was divided between Dresden and Leipzig, where he had first composition lessons; his teacher refused payment because of his talent. His first opera, Die Feen (1834), was followed by Der Liebesverbot (1836); the premiere performance was so unprepared that the event was a fiasco, and he henceforth determined not to settle for modest productions. The success of Rienzi (1840) led him to be more adventurous in The Flying Dutchman (1843), and even more so in Tannhà ¤user (1845). Caught up in the political turmoil of 1848, he was forced to flee Dresden for Zurich. During this enforced vacation, he wrote influential essays, asserting (following G. W. F. Hegel) that music had reached a limit after Ludwig van Beethoven, and that the "artwork of the future" would unite music and theater in a Gesamtkunstwerk ("total artwork"). In 1850 he saw Lohengrin produced. He had begun his most ambitious work, The Ring of the Nibelung, a four-opera cycle. The need for larg e-scale unity brought him to the concept of the leitmotiv. He ceased work on the Ring's third opera, Siegfried, in the throes of an adulterous love with Mathilde Wesendonk, and wrote an opera of forbidden love, Tristan und Isolde (1859), which also seemed to break the bonds of tonality. He published the Ring librettos in 1863, asking if some German prince would support his artistic dreams, and Ludwig II of Bavaria responded. Shortly thereafter, Cosima Liszt von Bà ¼low became the mother of the first of his children; they marriedin 1870, after his own wife's death.

Effect of Preschool Education Essay

Education is an indispensable tool in nations building is a process of systematic training and instruction designed to transmit knowledge and acquisition of skill, potentials and abilities which will enable an individual to contribute efficiently to the growth and development of his society and nation. Osakwe (2006) define the meaning of education as the round development that involves individual physically, socially, morally, intellectually, and mentally. Pre-primary education can be defined as the education for children meant between the ages of 3 to 6 years (Omozeghian 1995). The National Policy on Education (2004) sees preprimary education as the education given in an educational institution to children aged 3-5 years plus prior to their entering the primary school. That is to say that early education is a special kind of education provided in an institution for children, prior to their entering the primary school. Early childhood education, in the context of formal education can be said to be â€Å"a formalized educational process to which children between the ages of 2 and a half through five years above are subjected to be in designated pre-school institutions† (Mezieobi 2006). In Malaysia, Preschool educations are still in the early stage. Meaning that, in Malaysia preschool education are more focusing at the children age 5 and 6 years old. This happen due to the thinking of at the age of 2 until 4 years it is too early for the children being expose for education. Malaysia preschool education are more toward children at the age of 5 and 6 years. Also, the majority of parent in Malaysia are more preferring send their children to preschool at the age of 5 and 6 years old. 1. 2Problem Statement. Early childhood education (ECE) programs include any type of educational program that serves children in the preschool years and is designed to improve later school performance. These performances refer to the performance of the children whereby, it develops the children learning ability at the early stage. Although it seem like Preschool education is beneficial to the children, there are several negative effect of preschool education toward children. The negative effects can be seen mentioned by some scholar when the children involve in preschool education. Firstly, referring to the article current problems of Preschool education, the author Rubtsov V. V cited that Preschool reduce the children play time. This is because by reducing the play time of the children, it reduces the overall development of the child. There are two type of play time in preschool: Play for learning and free play. The important of play for the development of children at the early age has been proved long time ago. Free play helps in child character whereby it is conducive for the child at the preschool age to develop imagination, creativity and recognition to the rules that helps the child to control him or herself. The free play also develops communication skills, discussion resolution and prevention of conflicts. But the most important things that should be considered in the preschool education are children love to play. Current preschool education nowadays does not emphasize on the child play time. The education in preschool does not take play time as serious enough. With this approach, there is usually no time left for play Beside that the syllabus in preschool education system in the present time is still focusing towards the subject’s knowledge and skills but not toward the individual character of the children itself. This can further be explaining by the preschool education subjects does not suitable for children at the early age. This happen because of the preschool education is created to give children knowledge of the future requirement rather than what they want to be. Preschool education does not include a subject that give opportunities for the children to express their hidden talent for example art and design. The preschool education should be design to develop the children ability and real talent so that they can develop it at the early stage by focusing to their talent. Thus it could be tentatively designated as narrow-pragmatic, oriented towards the needs of the system rather than the needs of the child. Beside that less of interesting syllabus also will cause the children can develop their mental and knowledge in proper way (Rubtsov V. V, Yudina E. G, 2007). Lastly, the imposed skills and competencies in the preschool education system eliminate learning motivation and, as a result, lead to school disadaptation and school neuroses. A school neurosis is the type of mental illness in this  case afraid towards the environment of the school. This happen because of the program is too early imposed to the children. The children cannot accept the social and condition of the school environment and it usually be said as culture shock. In the psychiatrist form of view, this mental illness cannot be reverse once it has affected the young mind of the children. All of the mentioned problem has lead to the effort of the researcher to conduct a study of the effect of the preschool education toward character building of children (Rubtsov V. V, Yudina E.G, 2007) Beside that, there are positive effects of the preschool education whereby it can be seen when the government of Malaysia introduce the 1 Malaysia preschool education (Tabika 21 pilot project). According to the Chairman of the Development Council of Early Chilhood Education (MPPAK) under the program of 1 Malaysia Preschool Education is stressing on giving the early education to the children at the age of 2 years old. The objective of the program is to ensure all the children able to get good education. The important of early education in this project is to ensure the return of human capital investment for the country. Also stated by the chairman of the early childhood education council are the preschool educations can reduce the gap between poor the rich. 1. 4Research Questions The followings research question are being develop to achieve the research objective of this research which is the effects of preschool education toward character building of children. 1. What is the fitness level of preschool education children in Smartreader? 2. What is the syllabus for preschool education that improves the performance of the children? 3. Is preschool education system preparing the children for the primary school? (School readiness) 1. 5 Research Objectives The research objectives in the research purposely designed to identify what are the effects of preschool education toward character building of children. In this case the children of Smartreader kindergarten. 1. To identify what are the appropriate fitness level of the children of preschool education system. 2. To identify what are the best syllabus for improving the performance of children in term of curricular activities and knowledge behavior. 3. To identify whether the preschool education effecting the preparing the children for the primary school. 1. 6 Scope of study This research will be conducted in the Smartreader kindergarten in Shah Alam. The questionnaires will be distributed to 200 respondents. The respondents of the research will be the parents of the children in the Smartreader kindergarten. 1. 7Significant of Study 1. 7. 1Researcher There are several significant of this studies and the first are as the guidelines in order to establish the system of preschool education that can give impact to the children. This research can be as the references to other researcher to conduct other research toward preschool education. In Malaysia, early childhood education is still young and developing. A suitable and systematic preschool education must be according to a balance of needs of the children and the system. Scientific studies and research must be conducted in order to establish a proper system of preschool education that gives important not only to the children but also to the need of the education system in the country. 1. 7. 2Agencies. Secondly, this research can be the basic idea for the responsible agencies to develop a system that contains a syllabus that not only gives knowledge and skill but also syllabus that exposed the hidden talent and creativity of the children so that it will be useful in the future development of the children. This is because the children of today will be the next prospect of a great leader or innovator that can shape the country therefore, it is important for the policy maker to invest in the pre-school education for the future benefit of the country. 1. 7. 3Education system. The result of this research can also help to upgrade the preschool education system in term of preparing children toward facing the environment of primary school. Preschool education should be designed to help children in preparing them for the primary school. The result of this research may be use to help others in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the preschool education system in preparing children toward facing new environment and challenges in life. 1. 7. 4Parents Next, for the parents the research can be as the tool for them to identify what are the real benefits gains by their children using preschool education. Nowadays in Malaysia, preschool education is not popular among residents in the rural area such as in states of Kedah, Kelantan, Sabah and Sarawak. Parents are not sending their children to preschool education because the lacks of understanding the benefits of sending their children to preschool. Thus we hope that this research can open the eyes of parents in Malaysia especially in the rural area towards the important of preschool education for their children. Also this research can help them to be aware about the latest education that can shape the future of their children. 1. 7. 5Qualification of Teachers. Lastly, we hope can gives the benefits of identifying a better method of teaching in preschool education. This is because there are many impacts of early childhood education towards children and at the early stages, what children learn at the time will determine what types of people they will be in the future. Thus, the teacher must have the right qualification and cannot be easily pick to teach the fragile mind of the children. This research hopes to be as the references in choosing the best quality teachers suitable for the needs of the children nowadays. 1. 8Definition of Key term 1. 8. 1Definition of preschool. Preschool education can be defined as an early chilhood education is the education given to the children below the compulsory school age consists of physical care and edducation (Sheila, 2006). Mean that preschool education only involve children at the age of 2 untill 6 years old. 1. 8. 2Definition of Knowledge The definition of knowledge has transformed over such history, from a general phenomenon, to one that is specialized and actionable as the behaviorists pointed out, in evidence â€Å"outside the person, in society and economy, or in the advancement of knowledge itself† (Drucker, 1993, p. 45-6). 1. 8. 3Definition of Preparation to School. Preparation or rediness to school can be define by the National Center for Educational Statistics showed that teachers identified â€Å"ready† children as those who are physically healthy, well-rested and well-fed; able to communicate needs, wants and thoughts verbally; and curious and enthusiastic in approaching new activities. 1. 8. 4Definition of physical Physical education can be define by Merriam Webster as the instruction in the development and care of the body ranging from simple calisthenics exercises to a course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics, and the performance and management of athletic games. A good condition of physical is very important to make sure children will be able to build a good character for them self. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0Introduction In this chapter, the researcher will discuss about the past research that have been done about the three variables which is Knowledge, Physical and School readiness towards the dependent variables which is the character building of children. In this section also, we will be discussing about the historical background of the Preschool education and lastly the conceptual framework of the studies. 2. 1History of Pre-school Education in Malaysia. The Preschool education also known as Early chilhood education is the education given to the children below the compulsory school age consists of physical care and edducation (Sheila, 2006). Early childhood care and education in Malaysia existed before the 1960’s. The education is provided back then by mostly from the religious bodies or non governmental organizations. Before this, the private kindergarten was not being established yet. In the year 1972, Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) drafted the Kaedah – Kaedah Guru/ Kaedah- Kaedah Kindergarten dan Sekolah Asuhan (Pendaftaran) 1972 Warta Kerajaan P. U. (A) 414 which provided the procedures to be followed regarding the registration of kindergarten, teachers and its board of governors. This was the first legal document concerning the registration of early childhood education (Curriculum Development Centre, Malaysia, 2007). In the year 1971, the first preschool known commonly in Malaysia as the Tabika KEMAS started by the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development in accordance to the education act formulated by them and expanded to be the biggest provider of preschool education in the country today. This is followed by the Department of National Integration and Unity that started its first preschool that being known as the PERPADUAN preschools (Curriculum Development Centre, Malaysia, 2007). Later in the 1980’s preschools in Malaysia were established and managed by various government agencies such as KEMAS, FELDA, RISDA, Department of National Unity, Religious bodies, Police and armies (Cawangan pendidikan/ Angkatan Bersenjata dan Polis), and private sectors. There was various program were offered, different materials used, teachers qualification differs too (PPK & BPPDP, 1986). The sense of incomplete felt by the various agencies and the urges the help from the MOE for assistance and guidance. The MOE foresaw the need to standardized and regulate preschool education in Malaysia. Also at the time, the MOE was pioneering two major preschool projects which is the Projek Pendidikan Imbuhan managed by Curriculum Development Centre with the help of Yayasan Bernard Van Leer, a Dutch body. The other project is the Projek Kajian Pendidikan Prasekolah managed by Education Planning and Research Division with assistance from UNICEF. The experiences gained by the both project lead to the existence of formulation of the 1986 Preschool Guidebook (Buku Panduan Prasekolah Malaysia 1986), this is the first formalized curriculum document of early childhood education in Malaysia that aim to provide guidance and assist coordination between kindergarten and enhance the standard of Malaysia Preschool education development at that time (PPK & BPPPP, 1986). Preschool was not regarded officially as part of the bigger system of national education system until 1996. Through the â€Å"National Education Act 1996† (Akta Pendidikan Kebangsaan 1996- Akta 550, 2005), Preschool education is finally officially declared as part of the school system. All preschools/kindergarten regardless of public or private are required to implement the National Preschool Curriculum formulated through the Curriculum Development Centre, Ministry of Education beginning January, 2003. In addition to the National Preschool Curriculum, any private that wanted to implement other curriculum must seek the permission of the MOE and the medium of instruction used in any registered preschool can be the National language or any other language but the National language must be taught as a subject. A minimum requirement of 10 children age 4-6 years old has been set by Ministry of education for starting the class in public school. The preschool classes in MOE are still expanding and it is targeted that in the near future, all the National Primary School will have their own preschool classes (Curriculum Development Centre, Malaysia, 2007). 2. 2Knowledge Knowledge is to cope with someone or something unknown, which can be information, facts, descriptions, or skills acquired through experience or education. The definition of knowledge has transformed over such history, from a general phenomenon, to one that is specialized and actionable as the behaviorists pointed out, in evidence â€Å"outside the person, in society and economy, or in the advancement of knowledge itself† (Drucker, 1993, p. 45-6). According to a recent study conducted by (Loeb, Bridges, Bossok, Fuller, & Rumberger, 2005) comparing the children who received only parental care, low-income children who participated in a non-Head Start, and center-based Early Childhood Education program experienced the greatest gains in their early reading and math skills. Thus, it can be explain that children which attended preschool performed significantly better in both reading and math skill during their kindergarden year compared to children cared by only their parents before kindergarden. It can be assume that preschool education thus proven to significantly increase the knowledge of the children in term of math and reading skill of the children. In term of the character building of the children, the preschool education improved the knowledge of the children by significantly improved the children reading skill and children ability to understand the subject taught in the preschool esspecially math. Studies shown that young children has the capacity of being the change agent in now and the future. This is because early learning is important to shape the attitudes, knowledge and actions. It stated that the early learning is the foundation for the child thinking, being, knowing and and acting are becoming hard wired and relates to the children. The early learning also shown the effect of creating relationship with the environment and others issues that can promotes the introduction of environmental issues to the children in the early age for better practises in the future (Chawla, 1998; Davis and Gibson, 2006; Wells and Lekies, 2006). Another scholar suggested that the preschool education is the medium to discover the ability of the children at the early age, this is because the preschool education was purposely designed to improve the knowledge of the children at the early age (Roth and McGinn, 1998). The researcher stated that the preschool education improve the character building of the children by improving the knowledge and the design of the preschool education is at the first time is purpose for the improvement of the child development and character building. Marcon (2002) argues that there is a relationship between preschool education and success later in school system. The results of the research studies shows preschool education system have positive long term effects that is based on a statistical unit of analysis and include knowledge such as arimathic, reading, spelling, health citizenship and science. Thus it can be said that the preschool education have realtionship with the development of the children itself. This shown in the study conducted by Marcon that significantly shows the increase in child ability for subject taught in the school. One of the most important roles of early childhood education for a sustainable society appears to be the necessity to take the child’s perspective. This seems to be fundamental in order to develop citizens who have essential knowledge and are capable of making decisions and choices that will have an effect on the environment (Roth and McGinn, 1998). Acoording to (Barnett, 1998) Preschool education system can effects in knowledge be more easily taught and mastered in a brief time. This shows that preschool education system lead to a more knowledgeable in a short time period. Myers (2000) offer a simple typology for examining early childhood programs which is early education promotes the learning process of acquiring knowledge, skills, habits and values and is often narrowly interpreted as uniquely preparing children for primary school. 2. 2Preparation for School. What is Readiness: Teachers’ and Parents’ Definitions, Studies have examined the definition of readiness among different stakeholders in the kindergarten transition process. A national survey of kindergarten teachers conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics showed that teachers identified â€Å"ready† children as those who are physically healthy, well-rested and well-fed; able to communicate needs, wants and thoughts verbally; and curious and enthusiastic in approaching new activities. Parents, in contrast, typically define readiness in terms of academic abilities, such as the ability to count or know the alphabet. A study conducted by the National Center for Early Development and Learning appraises readiness by examining teachers’ judgments on children’s school transition, showing that almost half of children entering school experienced some difficulty with the transition to kindergarten. Problems following directions were the most commonly cited problem among kindergarten teachers. Participation in Early Childhood Education programs does increase children’s participation in primary school. One report suggests that participation in ECCE ( Early Child Care Education ) programs can reduce dropping out of primary schools by 15 to 20 per cent (South Asia Education Sector, The World Bank, 2003). It shows that the preschool education can increase the school readiness to the children by increasing the children participation in the school program. The school readiness can be proven to have a significant relationship with preschool education based on the report by South Asia Education Sector, The World Bank, 2003, that reduces the school drop out to a very positive rate. Another studies conducted by Lee, Brooks-Gunn and Schnur (1988) had found a significant different between the children which receive the preschool education and children which not receive the preschool education in term of school readiness. The studies compared 969 children who had experienced three different preschool environment. Those children which not received preschool education are showing the disabbilities in learning at the first grades in school. Comparing to those children which received preschool education, they gains large measures of social and cognitive functioning compared to those whose not. This show that preschool education clearly increase the school readiness in the child character building. Beside that readiness to school will look into the acceptence of the children toward the enviroment of the primary school. Means that the children who enter the preschool will more easily accept the environment of school when enter primary school. Iit is because during preschool they wil learn how to live in the school enviroment, how to be friendly, how to live as a student at school. So it show that preschool can help develop the ability of blending in the environment of the school. 2. 3Physical Physical education can be define by Merriam Webster as the instruction in the development and care of the body ranging from simple calisthenics exercises to a course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics, and the performance and management of athletic games. In the aspect of physical, preschool will help the children in learn how to build the good physical. Means that when the child has entered preschool they will learn the way how they can get a good physical condition. Example like preschool will teach them how to eat and choose healthy food, how live  in good health, how to care their self, exercise and other. So from that it will make child who entered preschool will different from the children are not enter to preschool. It is because when the children are not enter preschool and only live at home they will not learn any aspect of physical. Mean that at home they only do the activities or eat base on their thinking only. Beside that, the good condition of child physical is so important because if they have a good physical it will lead to the good character building. So it shows that preschool will give a positive impact to the children in order to they get a good physical condition. Preschool education aim at strengthening the basic skills such as socialization process and personality development. One of the general objectives of pre-school education is to enable the children to develop physically and practice good health and safety measures (Education Aspiration and Preschool Education Goal). Increase improvements in student’s academic performance and cognitive ability have significant relationship with the amount of time spent in physical education. Children who spent time in physical education additionally in place of a classroom activity performed no worse academically than students not enrolled in physical education (Opinion Research Corporation International of Princeton, 2003). It mean that, when the children are enter in preschool they will have a specific play time every day that has purpose for the development of physical. In time of play time, it will help children to get a good condition a better physical in term of health, body, thinking and other. So it shows that preschool is one of the mechanisms for child to build the good of character building in aspect of physical. Play time that provide and prepare by preschool will avoid from child have problem in build the physical for a future. What should be the right amount of physical activities need in preschool education? According to the National organizations including the American Heart Association, the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, NASPE, the National Association of State Boards of Education (NASBE), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Institute of 3 Medicine recommend 150 minutes of physical education each week for  children in elementary school and 225 minutes per week for middle school and high school. Vigorous physical activity should be spent at least 50 percent of physical education class, this is supported by the American cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association that will continue to recommend as they revised and update with the evolving sciences. So in the daily of the child they need spend a certain hour or minute in doing a physical activities. 2. 4 Character Building of Children. The early period of childhood has been proven the most crucial stage for the child developments. It will be long lasting and permanent throughout the entire life of the children. From birth to age 8 year old, a child gradually mastered the complex level of thinking, feeling, and interacting with people and the world around him (Evans et al. 2000). A child’s interaction with the environment will develop the critical brain connections that will be the pathways for intellectual, emotional, physical, immunological, and social functions. The preschool can be the basics to the children to develop their ability toward improving knowledge, physical and the school readiness as all of the said characteristics being affect by the interactions of the child towards his or her environment. The first two years of the child will develop the ability to walk, manual dexterity and other motor ability. From the age of two to five, a child develops language skills, fundamental social skills, and the base for â€Å"learning to learn† that translates into school readiness. Character and personality are largely formed, and major social and moral values are transmitted. Lastly from ages six through eight, a child consolidates earlier learning also begins to learn conceptually and manipulate ideas, and enters the â€Å"age of reason† (Eming Young 1996; Evans et al. 2000). 2. 5Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework in this reasearch will identifies the two type of variables which is the independent variables and the dependent variables. These variables is the important factor that will be examined and identified by the reasearcher in term of its relations in this reasearch. The independent variables consist of three which is the first is knowlegde. Knowledge is the skills aquired through experience or education in life. The knowledge variables has an important relations with the character building of the children. Through preschool education, the knowledge of the children increase and it has been proven important in the first year of the child development. Past reasearch has proven that a child knowledge improve during early chilhood education or preschool education. Thus there is a significant relations between the knowledge and the character building of the children. The second variables in this reasearch is the preparation for standard one or school readiness. The school readiness in this reasearch identifies as the enthusiasm and curious in approching new activities. As referring to the lierature review, the school readiness variables have the realtions with the character building of the children. This is because the preschool education promotes the child to be social active in the society. This also develop the ability to cope and learn with new environmment for the children. Thus, it will be permanently implant in the mind of the children the ability to adapt with new environment esspecially the primary school. The last independent variables is the physical of the children. Physical can be define as the development and care of the body. In this reasearch, the reasearcher has found that there is a realtionship of physical towards the character building of the children. This can be further explain due to the preschool education that have the session of playing. This increase the mental and fitness of the children as the children in the early ages have the orientation to play. Thus, indirectly increase the experience of the children also the physical ability of the children itself. The three variables can further be demonstrate by the diagram below. Diagram 1 Independent Variables Dependent Variables 2. 6Hyphoteses H1 = There is a significant realtionship between knowledge and the character building of the children in Preschool education. H2 = There is a significant relationship between school readiness and the character building of the children in Preschool education. H3 = There is a significant relationship between physical and the character building of the children in Preschool education. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1Introduction. Research methodology is section of a report explains the procedures followed in gathering the data necessary for the analysis to meet the research objectives. Research method is the blue print of the study (Abdulllah, 2009). To be noticeable, the theme of this study is about social research. This research is to study on the relationship between the effectiveness of preschool and character building of children. Its will look how preschool will effect character building of children in term of knowledge, physical and readiness to school. 3. 2Research design. Research design will discuss the research methodology used in the study. It will briefly explain the framework of the research followed by the research design, unit of analysis, sampling size, sampling technique, measurement, data collection and data analysis. The nature research that we use is quantitative research. It set out to seek accurate and adequate description or characteristic of the research. Different types of research design are likely to generate very different kinds of data. The nature of data can be classified into two types that are primary data and secondary data. Primary data means the data that are originated by researcher for the specific purpose of addressing the problems at hand. In other word primary data is a raw data and information that researcher will get. It involves specific method such as survey, interview, observation and questionnaire. In our research we use questionnaire as our primary data collection. The result of the questionnaire is a raw information and first hand information to the researcher. Secondary data is data that already have been collected for others purposes than the problem at hand. This data can be located quickly at various sources such.

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