Coach Haskins Think Alike Essays - Don Haskins, Glory Road, Haskins

Development Communication Free Essays

I. Presentation Development correspondence is the utilization of correspondence to advance social turn of events. It includes an arranged change of a normal network into a unique one. We will compose a custom paper test on Improvement Communication or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now All things considered, a network plan is made to assist individuals with forming their urban communities, towns or towns. A people group plan is fundamental since it urges individuals to play a full and dynamic job in upholding and executing financial and social change. In accordance with this, the creator of this paper directed a network investigate at Barangay 694, Malate, Manila City. Inside the exploration is generous data about the said network â€, for example, biological elements, chronicled improvement, life exercises, complex of qualities, social gatherings, effect of the world outside, and neighborhood life. A proposition for an undertaking plan was additionally made so as to help fabricate an aggregate vision for the occupants of Barangay 694 †explicitly, a late spring understanding project. The late spring perusing system will profit the less created offspring of Barangay 693. Furthermore, it will likewise create children’s possibilities to be taught and educated grown-ups. II. Network Identification Barangay 694 is situated at Malate, Manila City. A piece of District 6, it lies along Leon Guinto Street and is close to spots, for example, Taft Avenue, The Philippine Women’s University, Philippine Christian University, and the Pedro Gil and Quirino LRT stations. The previously mentioned puts likewise fill in as essential tourist spots of Barangay 694. In light of its vital area close to Taft Avenue, Barangay 694 can be appropriately depicted as a white collar class territory with a few houses and condo units for understudies enlisted at close by colleges. Moreover, it is effectively open by Roxas Boulevard, Quirino Avenue, and Taft Avenue. III. Environmental Frame 1. Land factors Barangay 694 is situated at scope 14. 573330 and longitude120. 990860. Its directions are 14â °34’24† North and 120â °59’26† East. It has an all out land zone of To its south is Pasay City; to its west, Manila Bay; to its north, Ermita; to its east, Paco and San Andres. 2. Atmosphere and soil As a component of Manila City, Barangay 694 highlights a tropical savanna atmosphere that verges on tropical rainstorm atmosphere. Alongside the remainder of the Philippines, Barangay 694 exists in the tropics. The temperature extend is exceptionally little, once in a while going lower than 20 °C (100 °F) and going higher than 38â ° (100 °F). Stickiness levels are normally high which causes the spot to feel a lot hotter. It has an unmistakable dry season from late December to April and a moderately wet season that covers the rest of the period. Storms can happen from June to September and can cause flooding in the zone. 3. Administration foundations Barangay 694 has a few help organizations that reacts to the residents’ needs. Its vital area offers its occupants accommodation as they need no look farther than the quick region to approach emergency clinics, instructive foundations, books, recreational territories, and government workplaces. Recorded beneath are a few foundations close Barangay 693: * HEALTH INSTITUTIONS * Ospital ng Maynila * RTM Satellite Clinic * Ruben C. Bartolome, M. D. Facility * GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS * Department of Finance * Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas * RECREATIONAL AREAS * Rizal Memorial Sports Complex * Manila Zoological and Biological Gardens * Manila Baywalk Area 5. Government The present city hall leader for the 2010 †2013 term is Alfredo Lim. Then, Isko Moreno is the city’s occupant bad habit city hall leader. Two additional individuals from the Manila City Council are the Association of Barangay Captains and the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK). Barangay 694’s chosen barangay authorities have the duty of doing the accompanying errands: (1) planning measures to dispose of the utilization of unlawful medications; (2) keeping up the tidiness and beautification of the region; (3) advancing harmony and request; (4) advancing the prosperity of ladies in the network; (5) advancing youth rights; and (6) keeping up barangay-claimed properties and foundations. Recorded beneath are the presently chosen Barangay 694 authorities and brief portrayals of every office position: 1. PUNONG BARANGAY or BARANGAY CHAIRMAN Name: Is the official head of Barangay 693 * Is responsible for advancement arranging, essential administrations and offices, consistence to orders, barangay enactment, and monetary organization 2. BARANGAY SECRETARY Name: * Is at risk for all of Barangay 694’s paper works * Takes down notes during the entirety of the conversations and plans made in gatherings * Reads and re-peruses the reports he/she has made 3. BARANGAY TREASURER Name: * Is answerable for the assets of Barangay 694 †from properties financial plan, ventures spending plans, and compensations 4. SEVEN BARANGAY COUNCILORS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. All have explicit errands doled out to them by the Barangay Chairman †Must be in the barangay lobby once per week to oblige individuals going to their office once in a while SK CHAIRMAN: IV. Chronicled Development 1. Root During the Spanish frontier time frame, Malate was an open territory with a little angling town. At the point when the Americans went to the nation following a 333-year Spanish rule, American urban organizers imagined the advancement of Malate as the most modern territory for American families. In spite of broad harm after World War II, numerous homes and structures endure the surge of the fight battled in the zone. Rich families who emptied their homes during the war returned. Alongside their arrival, they re-constructed their properties and kept the territories around it only private. Among these neighborhoods was Barangay 694. A nearby inhabitant living in the zone for just about fifty years related that Barangay 694 has been a local location since the post-Japanese period. Indeed, even before Japanese colonization, a few of her progenitors have lived there. This is evidence that Barangay 694 has been around for a long time. 2. First Inhabitants During interviews, neighborhood occupants were solicited to name some from the main occupants of Barangay 694. The general reaction was a â€Å"no†. This answer is effectively legitimate since the barangay has had such a long history and nobody could truly be sure of the main individuals who initially occupied the zone. In any case, a few occupants know about families who had been living in the barangay for quite a while. These families are nearly considered as pioneers. In that capacity, they are held in high respect. Among the notable families in the region are the groups of Magalon, San Pedro, Sevilla, Martinez, Andres, and Reyna. Most individuals from the said families hold positions in nearby workplaces †explicitly, the Barangay Committee. This is a demonstration of the high societal position they have built up along the years. 3. Advancement The once-restrictive local locations on the Western segment of Malate started to change into a business region during the 1970s. Land blasted with enormous houses and condos being constructed. Organizations likewise prospered as little lodgings, cafés, and bistros were built up. During the administration of Ferdinand Marcos, visual and performing craftsmen found a shelter in Malate during the 1980s and it turned into a bohemian enclave. . Progress at present Barangay 694, alongside the remainder of Malate, is consistently changing itself as the focal point of amusement and diversion in Manila with more cafés, boutiques, bars, discos, and oddity stores really getting started. V. Life Activities 1. Social Structure: Social status of the occupants Barangay 694 is a peaceful white collar class region with a few houses and lofts for understudies enlisted at close by colleges. Considerably, the region is genuinely very close. At a few network visits, the nearby occupants showed obvious nature with the individuals who live among them. Indeed, it tends to be said that everybody knows everybody at Barangay 694. 2. Most loved interest and amusement Because of all around kept up social ties, nearby inhabitants appreciate doing recreational exercises with their families, companions or neighbors. When asked what extraordinary exercises they did during their leisure activity, respondents from the zone said that they enjoyed going to parks, playing bingo, sorting out trips, visiting close by shopping centers, and maybe, leaving town. Besides, a run of the mill Saturday and Sunday night for occupants of Barangay 694 would comprise of setting off to the congregation and, a while later, observing late-night TV appears. More youthful occupants, in the mean time, said that they’d rather surf the Web, open their Facebook or Twitter records or play computer games. 3. Gatherings and associations The people group has just one significant association, which is the neighborhood barangay board. Barangay 694’s chosen barangay authorities have the obligation of completing the accompanying errands: (1) figuring measures to take out the utilization of unlawful medications; (2) keeping up the tidiness and beautification of the territory; (3) advancing harmony and request; (4) advancing the prosperity of sign in the network; (5) advancing youth rights; and (6) keeping up barangay-possessed properties and foundations. VI. Complex of Values 1. Fundamental beliefs of the network, that is, those that are commonly acknowledged in the public arena Barangay 694, being a very close network, by and large acknowledges these four basic beliefs: trustworthiness, collaboration, an awareness of other's expectatio ns, and honorableness. These qualities are viewed as the way to making agreeable connections. Trustworthiness came in first in the rundown as most nearby inhabitants believe it to be the most important attribute one can have. An exploitative man will know and bring only trouble,† says Ronaldo Dela Cruz, 56, a long lasting Barangay 694 inhabitant. In the mean time, participation is likewise an esteemed an incentive in the network. In view of its little populace, Barangay 694 anticipates its r

6 Great Reasons To Check Your Credit Report

6 Great Reasons To Check Your Credit Report 6 Great Reasons To Check Your Credit Report 6 Great Reasons To Check Your Credit ReportCant think of a good reason to order a free (we repeat: free) copy of your credit report? No worries, weve got six.Our world is filled with unsolved mysteries. What happened to Roanoke? Who built Stonehenge? How many licks does it take to get to the center of a Tootsie Pop?But some information can be known and should be known. For example, the information in your credit report. And unlike those other mysteries, this one is pretty easy to solve.“It is important to check your credit report from all three major credit bureaus (Experian, Equifax, TransUnion) at least once every 12 months,” urged Audrey Washington, founder and CEO of Fiercely Financial Coaching (@FiercelyFinance). “You can obtain a free copy of your credit history from AnnualCreditReport.com. This service was established by the federal government in response to identity theft.”There are a few other ways to get your credit report, but it’s important to be careful that yo u aren’t scammed. And if youre still not convinced, here are seven  reasons you should check your credit report!1. Because your credit score depends on it.Your credit score is a three-digit number determined by the information in your credit report. That number is very important since it will determine if you can get a loan and more.“Since everything from loan and credit card applications, interest rates, getting hired by a new employer, car and homeowner’s insurance premiums, apartment applications, utility deposits, and cell phone plan services are based to one extent or another on your credit rating, and since your credit rating is based 100 percent. on the information on your credit report, you want to make sure that the information on your credit report is both accurate and up-to-date,” advised Todd Christensen, education manager for  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS).2. To correct errors.You know what would be really unfair? If the three major credit bureaus, who will track your credit-worthiness whether you ask them to or not, made frequent errors when compiling your credit report. Sadly, this unfair scenario we’ve just described is also our reality! That’s why it’s important to check your credit report for errors.“The last thing you want on your credit score is an error that goes unnoticed,” advised Kelan Kline of  The Savvy Couple  (@TheSavvyCouple). “Its important to check often and keep track of your credit score to prevent your score from dropping.”And what might those errors be?“Your credit report helps you identify errors and/or outdated claims that negatively affect your credit score,” explained Jory McEachern, Operations Manager at  ScoreShuttle (@scoreshuttle). “Such errors can contain minor name spelling errors or major collections that youve already paid off in previous years.”3. To spot identity theft.Some errors on your credit report are actual errors. Other errors are due to stolen identities.“The big gest concern when checking your credit report should be to ensure that no one is opening or using credit accounts in your name,” recommended Christensen. “Identity theft can cost thousands of dollars to correct and take a couple of years to work through, so the earlier you spot any such troubles, the better.”And you may not be the only one at risk.“Parents should also contact the three major credit bureaus on how they can check to see if anyone is using their childrens social security numbers for credit,” advised Washington.4. You’re applying for a job.A potential employer may perform a credit check on you, especially if the job you’re applying for is in the financial realm. You should know what’s on it before they do.“If you are in the job market and you suspect your employer will be running a credit check, prepare by taking a look,” suggested Nathalie Noisette, owner of  Credit Conversion (@credconversion).“You want to preempt any possible reason the employer will deny you the job. Some employers will keep you in the candidate pool if your credit is not stellar, but you offer an explanation as to why your credit isn’t in great shape.”5. You made or are making a big purchase.It’s always good to know your financial situation when you’re making a big purchase, but it’s particularly important if you’re going to be making a purchase that could require interest payments.“If you are considering a major purchase, you definitely want to check your credit report,” urged real estate professional Chantay Bridges. “Your score can affect your interest rate for a large number of years, especially on a purchase such as real estate or an automobile.You want to make certain everything is intact before you sign on the dotted line. In addition, you could be rejected based on something thats there, so you want to have a chance to clear it up ahead of time, especially lates, tardies, or delinquents that are not yours.”6. Because the possi bility exists, so why not take advantage of it?You get at least one free chance to check out your credit report each year. Why throw that away? And there are other services to consider as well.“Many credit card companies, credit score apps, and websites offer free credit score monitoring so taking advantage of them is a no brainer,” Kline outlined. “Keeping an eye on your credit score not only protects you but ensures you are moving in the right direction with improving your overall credit score.”Hopefully, that’s enough reasons to check your credit score. Still not convinced? Well then here’s one more: Cause we think it’d be pretty cool. To learn more about how your credit score worksâ€"and how you can improve itâ€"check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsCredit Utilization Ratio: Why It’s Important, and How to Master ItWill Closing a Credit Card Affect Your Credit Score?No Credit Card? Here Are 6 Ways You Ca n Still Fix Your Credit ScoreDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsChantay Bridges is Americas leading mogul, who utilizes her gifts and abilities in outreach to her community and world around her. She is an exceptional Realtor, (translation: the one you want to hire), Author, Speaker and a keen philanthropist with a strong business acumen.Author and Accredited Financial Counselor ®, Todd R. Christensen, MIM, MA, is Education Manager at  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS), a nationwide nonprofit financial wellness and credit counseling agency. Todd develops educational programs and produces materials that teach personal financial skills and responsibilities to all ages. Having facilitated nearly two thousand workshops since 2004 on the fundamentals of effective money management, he based his first book, Everyday Money for Everyday People (2014), on the discussions, tip s, stories and ideas shared by the tens of thousands of individuals and couples in attendance.Kelan and Brittany Kline aka The Savvy Couple  are two thriving millennials that are daring to live differently. They started their personal finance blog  in September 2016 to help others get money $avvy so they can live a frugal and free lifestyle. Brittany is a full-time 4th-grade teacher and Kelan runs The Savvy Couple full-time and works as a digital marketer. You can follow them here:  Facebook,  Twitter,  Pinterest, and  Instagram.As a credit specialist at  ScoreShuttle (@scoreshuttle), Jory McEachern helps individuals reach their ideal credit score so that they can qualify for all the important things in life. With ScoreShuttles online first-of-its-kind technology, members receive the most current updates and tips and advice on how to boost their score, fast.Nathalie Noisette is the Founder of  Credit Conversion (@credconversion), a credit counseling, and repair company located in Av on, MA. Credit Conversion uses principles of behavioral change to not only allow clients to improve their score but understand the habits that lend to poor credit.Audrey Washington, Founder/CEO of  Fiercely Financial Coaching (@FiercelyFinance) has been an entrepreneur since 2005 and is a personal finance coach, educator, and speaker. She is the author of the book Transform Your Money Mindset Simple Steps for Financial Fitness. Her signature programs are Workplace Financial Fitness,   financial education for employees;  Financial Fitness Boot Camp; and Debt Free Boot Camp. She is also an affordable housing/community development consultant.  She is a certified Financial Capability Coach, Homeownership Counselor, Homebuyer Educator, and Foreclosure/Default Counselor. Audrey teaches Personal Financial Management at Monroe College and is a Life Member of the National Council of Negro Women. She enjoys the beach, reading, baking and time with family and friends.

Thesis - 3585 Words

Relationship between human appetite and music Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING/INTRODUCTION Introduction There are a lot of services served in a restaurant, like, high quality food and drinks, skilled staffs, nice ambiance and good music. Consumers are not aware that music is part of the service offered. And subconsciously, they didn’t know that music can boost their appetite and affect their mood in eating. Background of the Study Music and noise level can affect people’s enjoyment of what they eat (Journal of Culinary Science and Hospitality). Appetite in 2006, found that listening to music increased the amount of food eaten and the duration of meals, but that the speed and volume of the music didn’t have a†¦show more content†¦4. What is the level of music effect on the diners appetite: 1. Music Tempo 2. Music Preference Objectives of the Study This study wants to determine if there is a relationship between human appetite and music. This study could verify if music can really affect the mood or it can boost appetite of the consumer. Significance of the Study This study will be a significant endeavor in observing music appetite and its effect on diner’s appetite. The findings of this study are also beneficial to the following: Restobar Diners who like to eat with a good choice of music to boost their appetite. This research will help them to better understand what the relationship between music and human appetite is. Restaurant and Bar Establishments this study will help them choose the type of service to meet the consumer’s satisfaction. Future Researchers this research will help the future researchers on the subject of hotel and restaurant management, this can be their guide in making their research, this study also can be their reference. Scope and Limitation of the Study This research is limited only within the area of Gmall, Toril. The respondents are male, female, single, married and with the age of 15 years and above. The survey questionnaire of this study will be used is constructed by the group based on descriptive method. This study will be able to make known theShow MoreRelatedOutline And Outline Of A Thesis Essay789 Words   |  4 Pages1. Thesis: I think your thesis is strong and obvious throughout your paper. So I don’t think that will be something you need to change dramatically. Instead, I think the main thing you should focus on for Draft 2 is organizing your paper so it is all supporting information for your thesis. In both your background and analysis section, ask yourself whether the information is there to support your thesis or whether it a secondary point. 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Symptoms And Treatment Of Thyroid Disease - 1399 Words

What is natural is that most adults feel exhausted, completely out of energy. But what is not natural is gaining 5lbs per week and this is the first indication of hypothyroidism. There is 20 million people have a type of thyroid disease. From those 20 million people up to 60% are unaware that they carry some sort of thyroid disease. Women are five times more likely to carry a thyroid problems than men. Thyroid is often overlooked and considered to be some kind of disorder instead of what it really is a disease, then it starts to developed in children. Because one of their parents carries the gene without them knowing the effects of the child. There are numerous amounts of disease or disorders that may be developed due to the thyroid†¦show more content†¦When thyroid hormone levels drop too low, the hypothalamus secretes TSH Releasing Hormone (TRH), which alerts the pituitary to produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The thyroid responds to this chain of events by producing more hormones† (Sargis, Robert M., 2016, para. 3). The two main hormones that the thyroid produces and releases are tri-iodothyronine, T3, and thyroxine, T4. According to the Endocrine Web, â€Å"A thyroid that is functioning normally produces approximately 80% T4 and about 20% T3, though T3 is the stronger of the pair† (Sargis, Robert M., 2016, para. 6). Also, thyroid produces calcitonin, which helps control blood calcium level. There are many disorders and diseases that are linked with the thyroid. Having too much or too little of the thyroid hormone is known as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, abnormal thyroid growth, nod ules or lumps within the thyroid gland, and thyroid cancer. One of the most common thyroid diseases out there is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, or better known as hypothyroidism. This sort of disease affects both genders and all ages, but it is highly more common in women and women over the age of 60. Hypothyroidism is the condition of not being able to produce enough thyroid hormones, it is an inactive thyroid. The whole purpose of the thyroid hormone is to regulate the metabolism, and people with this condition tend to have a very slow metabolism or digestion. The cause of

Harmful Algal Blooms and Aquaculture Free Essays

string(171) " Algal Blooms Historically algal blooms are a naturally occurring phenomenon in earth’s oceans and have been observed throughout recorded history \(Hallegraeff, 1993\)\." Harmful Algal Blooms and how they are Linked to Aquaculture Abstract Harmful algal blooms cause a wide range of negative effects on aquaculture. These effects are come from the complexity of harmful algal species; the toxins they create and morphology they have adapted. Science still lacks a full understanding of factors that are envolved in blooms formation. We will write a custom essay sample on Harmful Algal Blooms and Aquaculture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aquaculture and harmful algal blooms are directly related because it is one of many anthropogenic factors that unintentionally produce the conditions that promote harmful algal blooms. The methods of production, feeds used, waste produced can lead to nutrient loading and eutrophic conditions by releasing essential nutrients into water that are necessary for algal growth. Phosphorus and nitrogen compounds are two of the main byproducts or aquaculture that are associated with bloom formation. To minimize the effects of harmful algal blooms on aquaculture you must understand the diversity and complexity of harmful algal blooms and their relationship with aquaculture. Abstract Harmful algal blooms cause a wide range of negative effects on aquaculture. These effects are come from the complexity of harmful algal species; the toxins they create and morphology they have adapted. Science still lacks a full understanding of factors that are envolved in blooms formation. Aquaculture and harmful algal blooms are directly related because it is one of many anthropogenic factors that unintentionally produce the conditions that promote harmful algal blooms. The methods of production, feeds used, waste produced can lead to nutrient loading and eutrophic conditions by releasing essential nutrients into water that are necessary for algal growth. Phosphorus and nitrogen compounds are two of the main byproducts or aquaculture that are associated with bloom formation. To minimize the effects of harmful algal blooms on aquaculture you must understand the diversity and complexity of harmful algal blooms and their relationship with aquaculture. Andrew Blajda Introduction Over the last several decades harmful algal blooms events or HABs are believed to be increasing in frequency and geographic range. The reported increase is a major concern because of the wide scale impact they have on he environment and human activities. The effect of HABs on aquaculture can be very damaging with reduced growth, mortalities or accumulation of toxins. If aquaculture operations take place in the open bodies of water they have little or no way of avoiding incoming blooms. Harmful algal bloom events that come in contact with aquaculture operations often have negative effects that can include student growth, weakened immunity, mortalities, and on econo mic losses. One of the bigger concerns today is the apparent increase in harmful bloom events. Researchers have linked this increase with anthropogenic activities, aquaculture being one of them. Aquaculture operations adds additional nutrients to the system, this lowers nutrients that limits algal growth. A better understand of the dynamics and characters the form and make up a bloom combined with the a better understanding of nutrient loading of aquaculture could potentially help reduce the negative effects harmful algal blooms have on aquaculture. Single celled microscopic algae like phytoplankton are the most globally abundant species and one of the oceans’ most important resources. These autotrophic primary producers form the bottom of the food pyramid, acting as the primary source of food for larval finfish, crustaceans, filter feeding bivalves, and other species (Hallengraeff, 1995). In normal concentrations, these single celled algae work in balance with the ocean and its inhabitants, filling important roles in chemical and nutrient cycles. They act as primary producers, providing nutrients and food for variety of different species. These simple microscopic species are vitally important to the success of both fisheries and aquaculture, but in some situations they can also have detrimental effects on the marine and coastal environment and numerous terrestrial and marine species. A combination of physical, chemical, biological, hydrological, and meteorological events can generate appropriate conditions that allow these simple single celled microalgae can exhibit exponential growth and reproduction. These natural events create the opportunity for algal bloom formation with potential large scale negative effects throughout the area they cover (Graham, 2007). Algal blooms can be very diverse and differ from one another in many ways . How they form, the algal specie of causation, characteristics and dynamics of a blooms, the species they affect, and impacts they cause are some of the complex factors that are found in blooms (Zingone Enevoldsen, 2000). The specific characteristics used to define a harmful bloom vary by sources. Hans Paerl, among others, defined harmful blooms by using several characteristics. Paerl also defined harmful blooms at their most basic level by classifying them as having nuisance conditions, meaning ecological and/or economic impacts (Paerl, 1988). As harmful algal blooms move across the ocean, the observable effects they cause go beyond the ocean and marine species it covers. These events will also have wide spread negative impacts on costal terrestrial organism and both human health and activities. Algal species produce sevral different toxins that are detrimental effects to human health, causing various illnesses and mortalities. About 10% of foodborne disease in the United States results from algal toxins; worldwide they cause more than 60,000 intoxications a year. Van Dolah, 2000) Economic losses due harmful algal blooms have been estimated in the tens of millions of dollars, from costs of beach clean ups, decreased tourism, and closing or stopping sales of commercial fisheries and aquaculture (Van Dolah et al. , 2001). Over the past several decades there has been an apparent increase in the frequency and geographic range of harmful algal blooms. This apparent increase has been attributed to both increased observations and focus on harmful algal blooms and increased inputs from anthropogenic sources. Aquaculture is one of many anthropogenic activities that is believed to be hypernutrification and eutrophic conditions in surrounding bodies of water. This paper will attempt to gain a better understanding of diversity of harmful algal blooms and also the effect aquaculture has on the environment in adding in formation of harmful algal blooms. Algal Blooms Historically algal blooms are a naturally occurring phenomenon in earth’s oceans and have been observed throughout recorded history (Hallegraeff, 1993). You read "Harmful Algal Blooms and Aquaculture" in category "Essay examples" These events are often beneficial to bivalves by supplying an abundant food supply to these filters feeding that relay on microalgae for their source of nutrients. Algal blooms can quickly turn into detrimental to the environment and its inhabitants are various ways (Leverone, 2007). Sources from human history including the bible may contain the first documented cases of algal blooms. In Exodus 7: 20-21 referring to one of the plaques on Egypt â€Å"all the waters that were in the river turned to blood, and the fish that was in the river died†. Some historians and scientist now believe this biblical reference from 1,000BC could be the first written record of an algal bloom. (Hallegraeff, 1993) Other historical sources may have unknowing recorded written evidence on algal blooms, in China around 200AD general Zhu Ge-Ling documented sicknesses and losses of military personnel after drinking from a river that was stained green. (Chorus Bartram, 1999) Examination of fossil algal specimens and historical reference compounding evidence that these event are not a new phenomenon and have been occurring in earth’s oceans for thousands if not millions of years. Recent finding from numerous long term studies conducted around the world has brought a strong belief in the scientific community that algal blooms have been increasing in their frequency and geographic distribution. Even though most scientiest support the idea of a global increase of blooms and twith strong evidence supporting this theroy there is still a major dissagreement about what is causing the increase (Pelley, 1998). The apparent increase of algal blooms, along with the global impacts on aquatic organisms, the environment, human health, and activities has increased interest and research being done on these events (Li et al. 2002; Van Dolah et al. , 2001). The exact characteristics and descriptions that define an algal bloom are fairly broad and very from source to source. I was unable to find a universal definition of algal blooms. The description and definition I came across were similar but differed in many aspects; this included sizes, formation factors, impacts, and alga l species. Overall algal blooms are generally defined significant increase in biomass due to a rapid reproduction of a single microalgal species. The problem with this source is there can also be macroalgal blooms. Others described them as forming high density populations, with some species creating visible discoloration of the water. (Carstensen, Henriksen, Heiskanen, 2007; Diersing, 2009) Others define blooms by impacts they cause; displacing indigenes species, destroy habitat, oxygen depletion, and alter biochemical cycles. (Hoagland et al. , 2002) A more generalized definition was given by Hallegraeff, adding that a bloom must have at least million cells per liter (Hallegraeff, 1993). The defining characteristic that differentiates a bloom from a harmful algal bloom is when they takes on a destructive roll and causes environment impacts. The term harmful is defined more specifically as causing negative impacts on the environment and adverse effects on both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This is due to factors such as toxins they produce, specie specific cell physical structure causing damage to aquatic organisms or by accumulation of biomass affect naturally occurring organisms causing alterations food web dynamics and biochemical cycles (Anderson et al. 2002). Depending on the species, some algae produce toxins that can affect crustaceans, fish, shellfish, birds and mammals including humans; nontoxic species can still causes damage by blocking light from penetrating the water column, clogging or damaging gills, and creating anoxic conditions from accelerated decomposition as they die off (Silver et al. , 2006; Sellner et al. , 2003) Harmful alga can also have impacts on shoreline coastal habitats, toxins can be transported onto the shore by sea spray (Hoagland et al. , 2002). There are over 5,000 know photoplanktonic algal species that inhabit the marine waters only a small portion, about 300 species are known to have blooming capabilities and even fewer, about 40-80 species or 2-3% of all photoplantonic algal species are known to have toxic chemicals producing capabilities; this includes members that form red tides (Hallegraeff, 1993; Smayda, 1997). Nontoxic red tides are not uncommon, today people often incorrectly or mistakenly refer to toxic algal blooms as red tides even when brown, green or colorless (Anderson, 1994). Toxic and other harmful algal species are ubiquitous throughout the marine and freshwater environment; the majority of the time they present at low population densities that cause few, if any and only minor impacts on the environment and its local inhabitants (Van Dolah, 2000). There are a variety of different phycotoxins algal species are able to synthesize; individual species will only produce one type of toxin. The evolutionary advantages of these toxins are not fully understood; they are believed to play a role in bloom formation and predator protecting (Nehring, 1993). The different phycotoxins vary from one another in terms of the impacts and degree of damage they have on marine and terrestrial organisms, depending on the toxicity, the concentration, and the organisms. Toxicity vary among algal species Dinophysis is one example, they have the ability to produce toxins that have negative effects at densities as low as 100 cells per L-1 (Sellner et al. , 2003). The most toxic algal species are mainly found in dinoflagellets (Table 1) with some having toxicity greater than venomous snakes. Table 1. Toxicity of several phycotoxins created different organisms including algae. (Van Dolah, 2000) The taxonomic algal groups’ dinoflagellets, raphidophyetes, cynobactria, and some diatoms are known to have the capabilities of phycotoxins production; these species are often the culprit behind harmful algal blooms. Phycotoxins are toxic chemicals created biologically by photosynthetic organisms. Dinoflagellets are one of the predominate species that forms red tides; members of this group also produce toxin that lead to foodborne illness and human mortalities (Li et al. , 2002; Hallegraeff et al. 1995). Human induced illnesses are not an uncommon result from consumption of seafood. Many algal toxins are potentially dangerous and even deadly to humans. Toxins accumulate in tissues of organisms like shellfish, finfish, and crustaceans that come in contact with a toxic bloom. These species are usually far less affected by algal toxins having adaptive mechanisms that lower the effects o n the organisms associated with toxic blooms. However toxins still accumulate within the tissues and detoxification can take weeks before they reach levels safe for human consumption. Algal toxins cause for concerns for humans not only because they maintain their toxicity long after the bloom but more importantly because they can withstanding heat from cooking. Algal toxin foodborne diseases are caused by various species or toxins and come from different vectors. Bivalve vectors can induce human illness that include (Table 2) paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP); other vectors can lead to various other diseases as well (Van Dolah, 2000). The popular term of red tide given to harmful algal bloom comes from compact, high densities of algal cells that containing red photosynthetic pigments, causing the water to appear red (Carstensen et al. , 2007). These toxic species can normally be found in low concentrations have no impacts on organisms and environment. The adverse effects on organism often deepened on cell concentration; in blooms toxic algae aggregate and are more dangerous (Van Dolah, 2000). Some toxic algal species have developed unique life cycles and morphological characteristics that allow them to occupy a specific niche that will be further examined. Table 2. Foodborne and environmental disease caused by harmful algal species, the toxin produced and the primary vector they inhabit. (Van Dolah, 2000) Harmful algal species have many adverse impacts on bivalves’ this includes a wide range of sub-lethal and lethal effects; some algal species are more detrimental than others (Leverone, 2007). It is believed that increase frequency of blooms is partially due to the introduction of non-indigenous algal species. Non-indigenous species potentially will create a specific niche, and/or out compete native species. Indigenous naturally occurring harmful algal species are far less direct effects on bivalves; this is because they have been able to naturally adapt to their presence over time. Native algal species in most case do not have as bad direct, detrimental impacts on shellfish and are usually not associated with large scale bivalve die off. The exception to this is in cases of intense blooms (Matsuyama Shumway, 2009; Nehring, 1993; Zingone Enevoldsen, 2000). It’s still hard to truly say many large scale die-offs and increase sub-lethal impacts are directly due to non-indigenous algal species because identification is sometimes difficult, longer term data individual algal species geographic ranges are limited combined, and the theory anthropogenic factors are causing an overall increase in blooms. In many circumstance of HAB mortalities it’s difficult to differentiate whether they resulted from the algal specie or unfavorable water quality that coincide with blooms (Anderson et al. , 2002; Leverone, 2007). Complex morphology are found in many harmful algal species that helps protect them from predation and the environment and help obtain nutrients. Diatom algae are members of the Bacillariophyceae class; they have been around for over 180 million years helping to create earth’s atmosphere and also play a major role in nutrient and chemical cycles. Over their evolutionary history diatoms have developed a variety of different exterior cellular morphology for protection from the environment and predation. They have a range of cell shapes and sizes and also form unique frustule cell walls made from silica. The frustule cell wall is made up of two over lapping overlapping silica bands forming a protective shell. The 100,000 diatom species have developed â€Å"seeming infinite variations† of cell wall micropatterns and structures; including ridges, spines and plates (Kroger Poulsen, 2008) These cellular morphological characteristics help protect them under adverse environmental conditions and restrict or prevent predation. Some species of diatoms have developed such strong cell walls with structural properties that enable them to survive ingestion and escape after passing through the digestive system. (Merkel, et al. 2003) The benefits of these structures do have negative effects and come at the expense of motile abilities, limits growth, and makes the cell very dense; motile restorations and high cell densities make diatoms much more likely to sink out of the high nutrient water column. Bloom Formation The intricacy of bloom formation is due to both the abiotic(environmental and anthropogenic factors) and biotic factors; these being the algae themselves. Adaptations of life cycle, morphology, and environmental conditions enable rapid reproduction of certain algal species that have developed specific niches (Sellner et al. 2003; Zingone Enevoldsen, 2000). Algal blooms formation driven by the complex relation between the environmental factors and algal species; although we understand the basics of formation there are still many unknowns. There are seemingly endless amounts of variables and factors that play a role in creating of a bloom. The main driving factors of when and where a bloom forms are a combination of environmental/anthropogenic factors (nutrient cycles and inputs) and algal morphology (Pinckney et al. , 1997; Sellner et al. ,2003). As simple as it sounds, there are countless variables including natural condition, anthropogenic effects, algal physiological and morphological characteristics that lead to the unpredictability and overall misunderstanding we still have on blooms. (Sellner et al. , 2003; Anderson, 1994) The belief that algal blooms are increasing in frequency and geographic range is a popular belief that is backed by numerous studies. The cause of this apparent increase has been attributed to the expanding human population (anthropogenic effects). Some still argue that the increase in blooms is due to the increase in observations from studies worldwide, a better understanding of blooms and better record keeping; but with overwhelming evidence supporting the lateral it’s hard to believe the human race is not playing a major roll. (Sellner et al. , 2003) Looking at the numer of literary reference to harmful algal bloom over 70 years(figure 1) shows a dramitic increase algal blooms from the 1920’s through late 1990’s (Hallegraeff, 1993). This also give arguments that increase research and technology contriubute to the increase ovserevd. Figure 1. Literary references of harmful algal blooms from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstract (AFSA) publications over about 70 years. The increase can be attributed to a combination of anthropogenic factors or increased observations and present arguments for both sides. (Hallegraeff, 1993) Today we have an understanding of the natural environmental processes and factors that lead to bloom formation; but the effects humans apply to the environment alter the natural cycles making it more difficult to predict blooms (Paerl, 1988). Blooms occur under irregular conditions that promote growth and reproduction allowing some species to flourish. The conditions found in blooms broad and often species’ specific adding to the complexity and unpredictability of blooms. In general the conditions associated with blooms are abundance (eutrophic), or an imbalance of nutrients, along with favorable water conditions (temperature, DO, salinity, etc. ). Natural processes like atmospheric deposition, water column turnover, upwelling, oceanic currents, storms, and anomalous weather events (El Nino) work together and fluctuate over time effecting mixing rates, water quality. Nutrients pools build up over time from organic decomposition in benthic sediment. Mixing of the sediment perelapses the nutrient pools and bring about eutrophic conditions or alter the water chemistry that enable specific species of algae to flourish (Sellner et al. , 2003; Van Dolah, 2000; Paerl, 1988). Natural mixing rates occur during regularly during temporal or seasonal with environmental fluxes or randomly from disturbances (natural anthropogenic). Sediment mixing are very important environment processes, releasing nutrients back into the water column allowing for increased primary producer growth. Seasonal and temporal sediment mixing produce lead to the specific conditions that form blooms. Eutrophication has been defined as â€Å"an increase in supply of organic matter to the ecosystem; in terms of algal bloom this refers to an increase in nutrients that allows an increase of primary production† (Bonsdorff et al. , 1997). Three key nutrients, nitrates ammonia and phosphates are associated with eutrophication and considered the driving forces behind bloom (Sheng, Jinghong, Shiqiang, Jixi, Dingyong, Ke, 2006). The levels found in marine waters are driven naturally based on natural events discussed above. Studies have found a correlation between anthropogenic actives leading to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loading and the apparent increase in frequency of algal blooms along with alteration of natural nitrogen/phosphorus ratio (Bonsdorff et al. , 1997; Paerl, 2009). There are various anthropogenic activities that have led to the both local and global increase of nutrients in fresh and marine waters. Aquaculture is just one of many of these activities. Many studies have shown that aquaculture operations have byproducts that can cause eutrophic conditions. Nutrient loading from aquaculture only has local effects and the amount of effects it causes is size dependent (Anderson et al. , 2002). Aquaculture and Nutrient Loading It is important to understand the relationship between aquaculture and harmful algal blooms. Additional nutrients from the feed used, effluent discharge, and waste products are some of the source that lead to nutrient loading (Tacon Forster, 2003). The amount of additional nutrients added to a system increases based on how intensive the operation is. HABs have wide spread negative impacts on aquaculture, the hope of significantly minimizing these impacts are still years away. To minimize the effects on aquaculture you must understand characteristics and dynamics of blooms, this includes the diversity of species involved and the factors associated with bloom formation. The apparent increase frequency and geographic range of harmful algal blooms is very important to aquaculture because aquaculture plays a role in helping create the conditions necessary for bloom formation. Aquaculture operations provided year round nutrient inputs in a local aspect, this eliminates nutrient limitations in those areas (Bonsdorff et al. , 1997). This section will discuss and review the relationship aquaculture has with nutrient loading and eutrophication of the surrounding water. Nitrogen and phosphors are to key elements that take on various forms necessary for bloom formation. Both nitrogen and phosphors in the forms of nitrates, ammonia, phosphates and other compounds are byproducts of aquaculture. Algal growth is limited by nutrient availability, mainly based on availability of nitrogen and phosphors in the environment. Nitrogen in the forms of nitrates and ammonia are water soluble and enter the system from either dissolved feeds, effluent discharge, or from waste produced by fish. Phosphates often accumulate mainly in the sediment and during mixing events are released into the water in high quantities (Karakassis, Pitta, Krom, 2005). Nutrient loading from aquaculture that leads to eutrophic conditions come from several sources. The amount and source of the nutrients depends on the operation. Location of farm (open ocean, ponds, raceways etc. ), what is being cultured (shrimp, finfish, bivalves), what are the inputs (feeds, fertilizer, etc. ) and how intensive the operation is. The source of local nutrient loading from aquaculture can be traced back to where the operation is taking place. Open ocean farming of finfish for instance causes eutrophic conditions right around the cages. On the other hand inland facilities such as pond systems and other flow through systems release effluent discharge causing nutrient in the and around the bodies of water they run into. The species being cultured also plays a major role. Bivalves for instance play a role in limiting algal growth by filter feeding, while finfish inputs and excreting essential nutrients in their waste is a major source of nutrients (Soto Mena, 1991). How intensive an operation is and the actual inputs into the system are directly related. The more intensive an operation the more inputs and the more inputs the greater chance of hypernutrification and eutrophic conditions. Different operations require different inputs and these inputs have different nutrient atios. Culture of some juvenile finfish require fertilization to promote phytoplankton growth for feed this puts the essential nutrients for algal growth directly into the system. The feeds used in aquaculture vary on the nutrients they are made up of, how stable they are and whether they float or sink. These factors are all in play in nutrient loading that come directly from aquaculture (Islam, 2005). The effects of aquaculture fe eds on nutrient loading depend on several factors. There are three main factors these include; 1) the amount of wasted feed. This is due to poor farming and management practice and floating Vs. sinking feeds. Poor management practices means over or an improper feeding technique that puts more feed in the water. Floating and sinking feed choices is also important. Sinking feeds may not be eaten by finfish if they go through the bottom of a net or cage, or if they sit on the bottom. On the other hand floating feeds may be less stable or uneaten if they are transported out of a system or to a place where they are unable to be eaten. 2) The actual quality of the feed. This poor stability and high solubility of feed pellets in water mean that once they are in the water they will be broken down and release more and nutrients and in less time. The final factor is deals is loosely related to the previous two. 3) Once the feed is ingested factors such as limitations of absorption and retention of the nutrients from the feed. This factor deals mainly with poor digestibility or metabolism of the species being culture to the feed they are given. The nutrients in the feeds many not be utilized to their full potential once ingested fish will excrete the excess nutrients (Soto Mena, 1991). Feed and nutrient inputs play a major role in nutrient loading and creating the conditions that promote algal growth either directly in the form of uneaten feeds or nutrients leaching or dissolving from the feeds, or indirectly from the digestion, metabolism and waste products from the species being cultured (Tacon Forster, 2003). The important of feeds in nutrient loading must not be overlooked one study estimated that 70% of phosphorus and 30-50% of nitrogen in feeds is not utilized by fish and is released into the environment (Soto Mena, 1991). This only shows two of the most essential nutrients associated with bloom formation and not the various other nutrients that are also released and are important for algal growth. This also shows the significance of feeds based on the large amount of nutrients that are not utilized and instead entering the environment, promoting algal growth. Over all aquaculture farm operations lead to excessive amounts of inorganic and organic fertilizer, feeds, and wastes that are put into local water bodies with high concentrations nutrient, that lead to nutrient loading and eutrophic conditions. Discussion and Conclusions Aquaculture over the last several decades has grown globally in both its production and popularity. In the future aquaculture will continue to grow in its importance to the human population as alternative food source to agriculture and wild fisheries, as well as helping with the depleted ocean stocks. As of now it appear that we will be seeing an increase in aquaculture around the world in the years to come. Although there are many benefits to aquaculture and the potential of increased production may have we must measure the benefits against the environment impacts they cause. Nutrient loading is just one of the environmental impacts associated with aquaculture and the effects of nutrient loading go beyond promotion of algal blooms. The global increase in aquaculture coincides with the apparent increase in harmful algal. Although there are many other anthropogenic factors that are at play in global nutrient loading aquaculture is a major local point-source form. We must understand the specific conditions that are associated blooms and the role aquaculture plays along with how complex and diverse blooms can if we hope to develop mechanisms that can significantly reduce the impacts on aquaculture. I choose the topic of harmful algal blooms and aquaculture effects of nutrient loading because it fits in perfect with our class: aquaculture and the environment. The purpose of this paper was to gain a general understanding of harmful algal blooms, and also to review the factors of aquaculture that lead to nutrient loading, eutrophic conditions, and the aid in bloom formation. This topic caught my attention because of similar topics I’ve cover and work I’ve done this semester in this class and others classes. Harmful algal blooms in general are very interesting because of the diversity of blooms, the range of effects they have, how unique the species involved are, and because of the complexity and over all lack of understanding have in factors of bloom formation. The purpose of this class included reviewing the impact of aquaculture on the environment and methods of reducing or eliminating those impacts. This paper focuses on harmful algal blooms and how aquaculture creates conditions that promoted bloom formation. I focused a great deal of this paper on harmful algal blooms because if you hope to minimize the impacts they cause you must appreciate and understand their complexity and also understand the relation they have with aquaculture. The purpose of this paper was not to examine direct ways in which to minimize nutrient inputs of harmful algal blooms but the information given on harmful algal blooms and the role aquaculture plays in promoting bloom formation is useful to future studies and reviews focusing on ways to minimize the impacts of HABs on aquaculture and help reduce the factors of aquaculture that promote harmful bloom formation. Bibliography Anderson, D. M. (1994). Red Tides. Scientific American Vol. 271, No. 2, 52-58. Anderson, D. M. , Glibert, P. M. , Burkholder, J. M. (2002). Harmful Algal Blooms and Eutrophication: Nutrient Sources, Composition, and Consequences . Estuaries Vol. 25, No. 4b, 704-726. Anderson, D. , Andersen , P. , Bricelj, V. , Cullen, J. , Rensel, J. (2001). Monitoring and Management Strategies for Harmful Algal Blooms in Coastal Waters. Paris: UNESCO. Bonsdorff, E. , Blomqvist, E. M. , Mattila, J. , Norkko, A. (1997). 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Social Issues; Crime and Poverty in Camden

Introduction Over the past, the issue of racial discrimination and crime has been prevalent in the United Sates. This has threatened the social security and peaceful coexistence of the people in the community. High level of crime in the society affects many activities. It also leads to misery and suffering among the members of the society. Ethnicity is another social ill, which is common in the United States. This study aims at analyzing the crime and ethnicity at Camden area in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Issues; Crime and Poverty in Camden specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Describe a Particular Population Segment Camden is one of the cities in the United States that has been adversely affected by crime and its connection to racism. It is one of the most dangerous cities in the United States. Camden is located near river Delaware. According to the recent statistics the city has a population of about 77, 374. This represented a fall in the overall level based on the previous statistics. For instance, this represented a 3.2 percent fall from 2000. Camden is one of cities in the United States with the high level of crime. Crime and ethnicity are some of the major issues facing this place. There are various forms of crime including murder, burglary, and rape among others. As a result, this region has encouraged many people to migrate. For instance, the population decreased by about 3.3 percent between 2000 and 2010. This could be attributed to the increased level of crime in the region. Another main issue facing Camden region is the issue of ethnicity. The place has increased cases of ethnicity. This has significantly affected the coexistence among the people in the region. For instance, discrimination in the workplace has negatively affected the productivity of the workers. Discussion There are several factors that have contributed to these social issues in the United States. These factors have facilitated the prevalence of the vice, the fact that has led to serious problems in the society. In some cases, most criminal activities in the United States are characterized by racism. Racism has resulted to a number of crimes, which has threatened security and peaceful co-existence among the people. There are a number of opposing issues concerning racism and disparity, which has led to complication of the discussion of the issue of racism in the Criminal Justice System. For instance, there are economic differences among the people that have led to crime in the United States. It is possible to have people from different races on low-income group and on the high-income groups. Most criminal activities lead to crime in the society. The larger the differences between the poor and the rich, the high are the chances of crime. We also have differences in terms of biological heredity, psychological and others that may influence ones tendency to e ngage in crimes.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the main factors that have contributed to crime at Camden region is poverty. Camden region is adversely affected by high level of poverty. A large numbers of people are living below the poverty line. According to the City-Data.com (2009), the residents who were living below the poverty line by 2009 were 35.9 %. At Camden, the residents with income below 50 % of the poverty level were 17.5 % (City-Data.com 2009). Poverty is closely related to crime. In most cases, areas with high poverty levels tend to report relatively higher cases of crime (Arrigo and Williams, 2006). However, the highest proportion of this number is composed of the black or African American at Camden. According to the recent statistics, the crime rates are very high at Camden. For instance, there has been recorded to be a very high rate of youth crime. For instance, the rate of the youth crime increased by 18 % in the year 2010 (Camden Community Safety Partnership, 2010). This was relatively higher compared to the statistics recorded in the previous year. Similarly, knife crimes increased by 13 % (Camden Community Safety Partnership 2010). More than thirty knife related offences were recorded between September 2009 and January 2010. According to the Camden Community Safety Partnership statistics (2010), gun crimes increased by 77 % in 2010. In 2006, 1,693 and 4,787 cases of violent and property crimes respectively in Camden were recorded. This clearly reveals the prevalence of crime in the region. Racial differences have also led to crime in the United States. This can be explained through the discrimination that the vice has cultivated among the people. From previous statistics, results showed that the rate of arrests for the African Americans were higher than those of the other Americans (Anonymous, 2011). Crime could, th erefore, be explained in terms of the differences among the people from different races. This can be explained in terms of series cause effect. For instance, discrimination may lead to poverty among the blacks, which may then lead to crime. There are several historical incidences, which can clearly illustrate the issue of racism in America. One of this was the racism against African Americans through slavery. During this period, African Americans were enslaved and were treated like property (Randall, 1998). This led to undermining and persistent racism against Africans.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Issues; Crime and Poverty in Camden specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another incident in the history, which can be used to demonstrate racism in America, took place after the Mexican- American War in 1948 (Greenhaus and Parasuraman, 1990). During the period, Zoot Suit Riots can clearly demonstrate t he racism against Latinos. The Latin Americans were usually composed of people from different ethnic and racial, backgrounds. This made them more prone to racism. At Camden region, the cases of racism are also prevalent. Recently, there was a case in one of organizations in Camden city where one of the leaders was heard claiming that the blacks must leave (Anonymous, 2011). This issue has significantly affected the coexistence among the people at Camden region. Camden city is composed of people from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. This increases the chances of the prevalence of racism. The main races are the white, African American and Asians. According to the recent statistics, the white composed of 96.08 of the total population (Area connect, 2000). Recently, the issue of racism has raised major concerns in the study of the criminal justice. In America, there are a significant difference between the number of the black Americans and the white Americans arrested and prosecut ed for various crimes. This has raised concerns on the criminal justice practices. There are a number of areas that differ in terms of races that may lead to differences in the criminal justice. One of these differences is the level of unemployment. Through racial discrimination, there is a significant difference in the level of unemployment in different racial groups. When the level of unemployment is high, the level of poverty is also high and, therefore, there are high chances of committing crimes. For instance, an employed person may engage in stealing due to lack of livelihood. Race may also lead to differences in political orientation. This leads to differences in the views among the people from different races. In some cases, some members from a certain group may feel that they are not properly represented. In such a situation, differing views may lead people to engage in criminal activities. This discussion reveals that criminology and racism are connected in the Camden regi on. Some of the criminal activities in America are rooted in the issues related to race. As already noted, statistics have revealed that certain groups of people in America are more likely to commit a crime than the others.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is, therefore, necessary to study in terms of race differences. People from a certain race may have varying social psychological differences. This can significantly influence the conduct of individuals. For instance, there are some tendencies that are common in a particular racial group and not prevalent in others. Aspects and implications of Crime and Racism in Camden This study raises a number of ethical aspects. The analysis of crime will entail a systematic way of analyzing of the patterns as well as the trends in crime. One of the ethical issues surrounding the crime analysis is the access control. The study on crime is sensitive bearing in mind that it will involve crime victims as one of the subjects. Therefore, ethical issues will be critically observed in this case. The subjects will be free to participate in the study at their own consent. Every person involved must have the freedom to choose whether to participate or not. Therefore, there should not be any penalty for not participating in the process. For instance, it would be wrong to have a situation where the prisoners will be asked to participate in order to access certain services (Arrigo and Williams, 2006: 124). In other words, people should be free to choose any course of action without any intimidation. Another ethical issue in this case is on integrity violations. It is usually easy to corrupt data on crime. It is advisable to guard the data collected to make sure it does not land on the hands of the people who are not allowed to access it. This will prevent misuse of the data collected. Privacy is also important in this case. The names of the participants must, therefore, be kept confidential. They can only be disclosed at their own consent. The case of racism has critical implication on the profession. For instance, some leaders in one organisation at Camden were heard saying that the blacks must leave the office (Anonymous, 2011). Racism can affect the performance of employees in an organisation. Professional must refrain from practicing racism in their activities. This will ensure social satisfaction and effective coexistence among the people. Challenges Faced In an Attempt to Solve the Social Issues at Camden There are two main challenges that are faced in an effort to solve the problem of crime and racism at Camden region. One of the main challenges is poverty. For instance, 35.9 % of the residents are living below the poverty line (City-Data, 2009). Therefore, poverty is one of the major obstacles in an effort to reduce the prevalence of these issues in the society. For instance, people are indulging in criminal activities like burglary due to poverty. Therefore, the continued prevalence of poverty in the region makes it difficult to eliminate crime in the region. Another problem faced in an attempt to solve the special issues is the legal framework. For instance, there is a need to have a legal specification that specifies strict measures against the indiv iduals found guilty for practicing these vices. It becomes difficult to control these vices effectively without appropriate legal directions. A research project proposal to investigate the prevalence of crime at Camden region Problem statement Camden region is one of the most dangerous regions in the United States. It has been severally ranked among the top leading cities in terms of crime. This research seeks to investigate the prevalence of the crime in this region. Research plan This study will involve some prisoners, security officers and the statistics department of the United States. The crime victims will help to provide the necessary information on crime. The security officers will also provide important information on the prevalence of crime. The static’s’ department will also provide necessary statistics of the Camden area. This study will take approximately two months. To collect the data, this project will require five people to administer the structured qu estionnaires. Statistical analysis method In this study, statistical analysis will play a pivotal role in drawing the final decisions. We are going to use the t-test in making the conclusions. In this case, there will be hypothesis about the study. One of the variables in this case will be poverty. The null hypothesis (H0) that poverty does not lead to crime will be tested against the alternative hypothesis (Ha) that poverty leads to crime. This hypothesis will either be accepted or rejected depending on the results of the test. The data collected will therefore be necessary in testing the hypothesis. In this case, t-test will be useful in determining the major causes of crime as well as its prevalence in Camden region. Subjects of the study Since this study touches critical issues on crime, it will involve the security officers and other personnel concerned with security matters. It will also involve some of the government officials who will provide necessary statistics on crime ac tivities in the region. Prisoners will also be useful in providing necessary details that will help in understanding the issue of crime in the region. For instance, it helps in revealing the reasons why they were involved in crime. In the present evaluation, some of the subjects are going to be crime victims. The issue of security is therefore very critical in this case. The researchers will need to protect the participants from any form of victimization. For instance, the researcher may retrieve information like involvement in abusive activities. In such a situation, the interviewer must ensure the security of the participants (Taubes, 1993: 1109). However, they may use safe ways to help the participants. Significance of the Study This study will be of great significance to the policy makers in the region and other agencies involved in security matters. The findings of the study will be of great importance to the policy makers, as they will use this information in making policy dec isions. For instance, in case the statistical tests reveals that poverty is a significant cause of crime in the region, them they may set policies which will reduce the poverty levels which will consequently reduce the rates of crime. The study will also reveal other significant relationships of crime with other aspects, which will be necessary in finding the solution to the rising cases of crime at Camden. The data collected will also be useful to the security officers. For instance, the data on the distribution of criminal activities in the region will be necessary in making decisions on the areas to which they need to deploy more soldiers to maintain security. They will also use such information in determining the areas that requires intensive patrol depending on the nature of crimes. Reference List Anonymous. (2011). Race and Ethnicity – Race in U.S. Legal History, Native Americans, Black Americans and Crime, Policing and Minorities. Web. Area connect. (2010). Camden Crim e Statistics and Crime Data. Web. Area connect. (2000) Camden City, New Jersey Statistics and Demographics (US Census 2000). Web. Arrigo, B. and Williams, C. (2006). Philosophy, Crime, and Criminology. U.S.A.: University of Illinois Press. Camden Community Safety Partnership (2010). Monthly Performance Report – January 2010. Web. Citi-Data.com. (2009). Camden, New Jersey (NJ) Poverty Rate Data – Information about poor and low-income residents. Web. Greenhaus, J. and Parasuraman, S. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Azcademy of Management Journal. 1990, Vol. 1, pp. 64-86. Randall, K. (1998). Race, Crime, and the Law. New York: Vintage Books. Taubes, G. (1993). Misconduct (Views from the trenches). Vol. 261:1108–11. This research paper on Social Issues; Crime and Poverty in Camden was written and submitted by user Aqueduct to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.